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Wiser: Getting Beyond Groupthink to Make Groups Smarter Kindle Edition

4.0 out of 5 stars 198 ratings

Why are group decisions so hard?

Since the beginning of human history, people have made decisions in groups—first in families and villages, and now as part of companies, governments, school boards, religious organizations, or any one of countless other groups. And having more than one person to help decide is good because the group benefits from the collective knowledge of all of its members, and this results in better decisions. Right?

Back to reality. We’ve all been involved in group decisions—and they’re hard. And they often turn out badly. Why? Many blame bad decisions on “groupthink” without a clear idea of what that term really means.

Now, Nudge coauthor Cass Sunstein and leading decision-making scholar Reid Hastie shed light on the specifics of why and how group decisions go wrong—and offer tactics and lessons to help leaders avoid the pitfalls and reach better outcomes. In the first part of the book, they explain in clear and fascinating detail the distinct problems groups run into:

  • They often amplify, rather than correct, individual errors in judgment
  • They fall victim to cascade effects, as members follow what others say or do
  • They become polarized, adopting more extreme positions than the ones they began with
  • They emphasize what everybody knows instead of focusing on critical information that only a few people know

In the second part of the book, the authors turn to straightforward methods and advice for making groups smarter. These approaches include silencing the leader so that the views of other group members can surface, rethinking rewards and incentives to encourage people to reveal their own knowledge, thoughtfully assigning roles that are aligned with people’s unique strengths, and more.

With examples from a broad range of organizations—from Google to the CIA—and written in an engaging and witty style, Wiser will not only enlighten you; it will help your team and your organization make better decisions—decisions that lead to greater success.

Editorial Reviews

Review

“Just because collective groupthink in business and public life decision-making is the prevalent paradigm, doesn't mean it’s the right way to go. Discuss.” ― Qantas The Australian Way

"[Wiser] sheds light on the specifics of why and how group decisions go wrong, and share insights into how leaders can avoid the pitfalls and reach better outcomes....With examples from a broad range of organisations from Google to the CIA, Wiser is designed to help leaders and their teams make better decisions that lead to greater success." ― Inside HR

ADVANCE PRAISE for Wiser:

Lawrence Summers, Secretary of the Treasury under President Clinton; Director of the National Economic Council under President Obama―
“No man is an island, and all important decisions are made collectively. This important book shows how they can be made better and so will make groups, crowds, and our society wiser and better. Anyone involved in making decisions that matter should read this book.”

John Engler, President, Business Roundtable―
“Drawing on academic research, real-world examples, and, in Sunstein’s case, White House experience, the authors identify the most common mistakes groups fall victim to and offer sensible ways to avoid those often-expensive errors. In Sunstein and Hastie’s recommendations, CEOs and managers alike will find much that leaves them, in a word, wiser.”

Claire Shipman, Correspondent, ABC’s Good Morning America; Author, The Confidence Code
“More minds aren’t always better, according to Cass Sunstein and Reid Hastie. In
Wiser, they deftly lay out the unexpected perils of group decision making and provide smart, straightforward, and often surprising fixes. Utterly fascinating and counterintuitive, this book is an essential read for executives and managers―for anybody, actually, hoping to make an enterprise successful.”

Austan Goolsbee, Professor, University of Chicago Booth School of Business; former Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under President Obama―
“There have been lots of books written on why and how individuals make bad decisions. But many of the most important decisions are made by committee, where normal problems get magnified. Finally, Sunstein and Hastie have provided crucial insights and lessons to help groups and teams avoid pitfalls and make effective decisions. Leaders everywhere should take these lessons to heart.”

Doris Kearns Goodwin, Pulitzer Prize–winning presidential historian; Author, Team of Rivals and The Bully Pulpit
“This gem of a book is full of penetrating insight, sensible advice, and fascinating stories drawn from practical experience. Written with clarity and grace, it provides an invaluable road map for leaders and managers in both public and private life. I can think of dozens of historical decisions that might have been better made had our leaders followed these precepts.”

About the Author

Cass R. Sunstein is a US legal scholar and served as Administrator of the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs in the Obama administration. He is currently the Robert Walmsley University Professor at Harvard Law School and coauthor, with Richard H. Thaler, of Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness.

Reid Hastie is an expert on the psychology of decision making, especially by groups. He has authored or coauthored several academic books, including Rational Choice in an Uncertain World. He is currently the Ralph and Dorothy Keller Distinguished Service Professor of Behavioral Science at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.

Product details

  • ASIN ‏ : ‎ B00O4CRR9C
  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Harvard Business Review Press
  • Accessibility ‏ : ‎ Learn more
  • Publication date ‏ : ‎ December 2, 2014
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • File size ‏ : ‎ 521 KB
  • Screen Reader ‏ : ‎ Supported
  • Enhanced typesetting ‏ : ‎ Enabled
  • X-Ray ‏ : ‎ Enabled
  • Word Wise ‏ : ‎ Enabled
  • Print length ‏ : ‎ 246 pages
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1625270504
  • Page Flip ‏ : ‎ Enabled
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.0 out of 5 stars 198 ratings

About the author

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Cass R. Sunstein
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Cass R. Sunstein is the Robert Walmsley University Professor at Harvard Law School, where he is the founder and director of the Program on Behavioral Economics and Public Policy. He is by far the most cited law professor in the United States. From 2009 to 2012 he served in the Obama administration as Administrator of the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs. He has testified before congressional committees, appeared on national television and radio shows, been involved in constitution-making and law reform activities in a number of nations, and written many articles and books, including Simpler: The Future of Government and Wiser: Getting Beyond Groupthink to Make Groups Smarter.

Customer reviews

4 out of 5 stars
198 global ratings

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Customers say

Customers find the book fascinating and well-written, providing practical management tools for building better decisions with groups. They appreciate its pacing, with one customer describing it as quite readable.

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20 customers mention "Readability"20 positive0 negative

Customers find the book fascinating and well-written, describing it as an excellent guide that serves as a great source of information.

"...There is a very good (though long) interview with author Cass Sunstein on podcast to get a great sense of the book...." Read more

"Quite readable, many thoughtful suggestions on a variety of matters (hidden information, cascades, social influence to deaden discussion) a lively..." Read more

"Some good insights, but redundat at the final tuíte." Read more

"An extremely accessible and well written book, it looks at much of the best recent research that indicts groups for their often bad decision making..." Read more

14 customers mention "Advice"14 positive0 negative

Customers appreciate the book's practical management tools and guidance on building better decisions with groups.

"...The authors provide insights. Even better, their ideas are practical and have been studied and rigorously tested...." Read more

"...An excellent bibliography, to boot. Why a four, and not a five?..." Read more

"...Leaders can minimize the impact of these factors and build better decisions with groups simply by how they structure their meetings and discussions...." Read more

"Good review of studies on group decision-making. Helpful hints on what blunders to avoid when getting to the best decision possible...." Read more

3 customers mention "Pacing"3 positive0 negative

Customers find the book's pacing positive, with one noting it is quite readable and another mentioning it is clearly written.

"Quite readable, many thoughtful suggestions on a variety of matters (hidden information, cascades, social influence to deaden discussion) a lively..." Read more

"...groups for their often bad decision making behavior and then shows, clearly and economically, how the latest research shows the way for groups to..." Read more

"Well written, informative, gets you re-evaluating your day 2 day group interactions." Read more

Manhole cover "trivial" example uncovered.
2 out of 5 stars
Manhole cover "trivial" example uncovered.
A book written by two people who are experts in "'groupthink" certainly did not show their expertise on page 23. Quote: "A trivial example: Why are manhole covers round? Answer: because if they were almost any other shape, a loose cover could shift orientation and fall through the hole .." This groupthink answer is entirely incorrect and a result of groups failing to correct errors of false logic. A manhole cover does not fall through its hole because the hole (or inner lip inside the hole) is smaller than the smallest diameter of the lid. A three foot square manhole cover will be prevented from falling into its hole if the lip is less than 3 feet across in any direction, including diagonally! The real reason that manhole covers are round is because they are heavy. One person can lift a round cover out of the hole's rim and roll it to an out of the way position. Circular covers don't need to be rotated or preciselyaligned when replacing them on the opening. This can't be done more easily with any other shape. I want my money back!
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Top reviews from the United States

  • Reviewed in the United States on December 4, 2014
    Format: KindleVerified Purchase
    Many decisions are made by groups of people (often called committees). In theory, groups can make better decisions than the average, or even the best, individual in the group. Alas, that is very rarely the case. In fact, they can be entirely dysfunctional.

    The authors are well aware of all of the pitfalls. Part 1 of the book is "How Groups Fail". But the payoff is Part 2 which gives insights into how groups can work much better.

    The authors provide insights. Even better, their ideas are practical and have been studied and rigorously tested.

    There is a very good (though long) interview with author Cass Sunstein on podcast to get a great sense of the book. Search for "After Words" and "Cass Sunstein".

    One catch that they don't discuss is that sometimes groups are not "supposed" to work. That is, they assume that you want groups to make good decisions. Sometimes, a group exists to ratify what the boss has already decided, to diffuse responsibility or to stop progress. Groups already serve these functions well and that is sometimes their intended purpose even if that is not what is claimed. This "problem" will never be fixed because the person running the committee doesn't want to fix it. This book addresses how to get groups to make better decisions -- assuming that is what is desired.
    39 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on May 11, 2015
    Format: HardcoverVerified Purchase
    Quite readable, many thoughtful suggestions on a variety of matters (hidden information, cascades, social influence to deaden discussion) a lively manner, and the required number of anecdotes, many amusing and humorous. Sunstein has a good record: he made things happen in a positive way with the Obama administration, and Thaler likes him (and who doesn't like Thaler?). An excellent bibliography, to boot.

    Why a four, and not a five? The lay reader (of which I number myself) would have benefited from an exposition of cognitive bias on the individual level, to see its relationship and expression amidst groups. Although Sunstein let us all leave our math at the door, at times, at least with the notes, it would have been worthwhile to show the derivations of some of the work (surely, at least Condorcet's reasoning is available to anyone with a good high school education). And lastly, although the book ends by saying that after 30 years of research, behavioural economics is finally beginning to bear fruit, a bit more helpful advice, perhaps in a check-box summary "If you think the problem is A, try B," would have been extremely useful for us non-academics, who struggle with poorly-performing groups daily.

    Still, if I could have given this 4.5 stars, I would have, which would then have rounded up to a 5, no?. But as an alum of the University of Chicago's Booth School, I am accustomed to low grades. I expect that this would be expected by both Thaler and Sunstein - after all, we share the same institution! But get it, read it; if you deal with organizations, you will benefit.
    8 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on November 14, 2015
    Format: KindleVerified Purchase
    Some good insights, but redundat at the final tuíte.
    2 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on November 24, 2024
    Format: HardcoverVerified Purchase
    👍🏼
  • Reviewed in the United States on August 4, 2015
    Format: KindleVerified Purchase
    Some leaders dismiss groups as incapable of making insightful decisions. While this may often be true, it is not necessarily so. And today we need the insights that only groups of individuals holding different insights into some complex problem can bring. Sunstein and Hastie lay out a through and engaging review of the challenges including four factors that they find contribute to poor decisions. You may recognize some of these factors from your own experience.
    1) Collective myopia. Groups often fall victim to the unrecognized impact of common mental short cuts
    2) Following the lead. Poor group decisions can be due to the influence of those who speak first. Sunstein and Hastie explain how two kinds of “cascade effects” are in operation here: informational and reputational.
    3) Closing ranks. Groups tend to become more united and skewed in a particular direction as a result of their discussions.
    4) Ignoring the outliers. Finally, group discussions have a tendency to focus on what the group knows in common and to give little attention to what may be known by only a few.
    Recognizing the influence (usually unintended) of these and related factors is a critical first step. Leaders can minimize the impact of these factors and build better decisions with groups simply by how they structure their meetings and discussions. As the authors put it, "Sometimes groups get wiser with the help of some easy, informal methods or tactics....Sometimes they do best when they adopt more formal approaches." They present some of each. My only reservation with the book is that it could have put more attention on providing leaders with more practical informal tactics that leaders can readily adopt.
    6 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on March 8, 2016
    Format: HardcoverVerified Purchase
    An extremely accessible and well written book, it looks at much of the best recent research that indicts groups for their often bad decision making behavior and then shows, clearly and economically, how the latest research shows the way for groups to rise above their limitations to achieve excellence. It is a wonderful book. And it compresses a large body of scientific work into a very small and neat package.
    One person found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on January 23, 2015
    Format: KindleVerified Purchase
    Good review of studies on group decision-making. Helpful hints on what blunders to avoid when getting to the best decision possible. Implementation of ideas sometimes impractical. For example, how does one determine if the majority of members are to be "more likely right than wrong" when using specific group decision-making techniques?
    4 people found this helpful
    Report
  • Reviewed in the United States on January 29, 2015
    Format: HardcoverVerified Purchase
    I had really hoped for a book with some new insights. I wanted to find some helpful information to provide to a CEO I work with who deals with several work groups. Unfortunately I found very little that was new or that I was not aware of before. I kept reading and hoping and I was very disappointed.
    8 people found this helpful
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Top reviews from other countries

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  • Manageris
    5.0 out of 5 stars Comment être plus intelligents à plusieurs ?
    Reviewed in France on August 18, 2015
    Format: HardcoverVerified Purchase
    L'intelligence collective ne va pas de soi : parfois, l'effet de groupe tend au contraire à amplifier les erreurs individuelles et à nous faire préférer des solutions consensuelles mais peu créatives. Mais les auteurs ont repéré 8 bonnes pratiques de facilitation pour limiter le conformisme du groupe et réellement tirer parti du collectif (comme par exemple la technique de l'avocat du diable ou des techniques empruntées aux "red teams" de l'armée américaine). Etayé de nombreux exemples, cet ouvrage est précis, argumenté et concret.
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  • Neil Lawrence
    5.0 out of 5 stars Lightbulb moments throughout
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on September 21, 2016
    Format: KindleVerified Purchase
    This is the best book I've read in many months, absolutely priceless for anyone who have interacts with teams: which is basically everyone. Even if you don't work in one, the things you will learn will blow you away. Fantastic writing with the perfect mix of statistics and evidence base, illustrated through anecdote. Simply brilliant.
  • 5starbyer
    4.0 out of 5 stars Four Stars
    Reviewed in Canada on March 23, 2015
    Format: HardcoverVerified Purchase
    Research readers might like this, not overly practical
  • Mr Grumpy
    4.0 out of 5 stars Lots of interesting nuggets, some of which go against expectations
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on December 5, 2016
    Format: KindleVerified Purchase
    Sunstein pulls together a range of research on how groups work, much of which has become more relevant since the book was published. The dangers of polarisation of views are set out in ways that seem particularly chilling in late Group 2016. He highlights the way that groups can reinforce each other's prejudices, and punctures the sometimes complacent assumption that just because an idea has been discussed by a group, its adoption is valid, a point well made by the Bay of Pigs invasion scenario.
    There are some important lessons for anyone who ever chairs meetings or has a leadership role. "Good managers have to be anxious... with their very different styles they keep asking, 'What can go wrong?'.
    But this is not only for managers - there's a lot to interest the general reader, in particular the insights into how influential a small amount of positive early feedback can be in producing what later looks like inevitable success for a song or book. Interesting too to note that investment clubs are more successful when they aren't close friends.
    The final section of the book tries to move on from the pitfalls of groupthink to how groups succeed, but is still rather stronger on what can go wrong. It turns out that chasing the expert is a very bad way to make forecasts - the average prediction of a group of financial forecasters is much more likely to be accurate than the forecast of the one who got it right last time. The book in the end falls a little between two stools; it is not an academic review of research but nor is it a how to. It also splits its focus between private and public sector. I think a more interesting read could have emerged from a narrower focus, and perhaps some more detailed case studies. But still an intriguing read, which will change the way you think about decision making
  • Prasanta Mahapatra
    4.0 out of 5 stars Four Stars
    Reviewed in India on May 1, 2015
    Format: HardcoverVerified Purchase
    Useful book for civil servants, public administrators, senior management.

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