Read up until the Vonnegut interview (which was great). The rest of these interviews seem less urgent to me, so I'm putting this back on the occasionally-reading shelf.
My impressions of the interviews, below:
1st Interview: Dorothy Parker
I thought that dear Dorothy certainly had a pose that she was anxious to keep. There were definitely some airs and "well, dahhhhhling," sort of moments. However, I appreciated her good taste. Her favorite contemporary writer was EM Forster (with a wonderful little anecdote about how she met Somerset Maugham and he was all, "Well, we have a writer over here called Forster, but you probably haven't heard of him over there," and she wanted to hit him over the head with a frying pan), was envious of Edna Millay (she was always trying to live up to her in poetry and felt she never could) and she was wonderfully loyal to Fitzgerald. She identified as a member of the "lost" generation (and thought that Gertrude Stein had screwed them all with that label). I think my favorite anecdote other than the Forester one was the one where she was fired from Vanity Fair for giving a bad review of a terrible Ziegfield produced show with an actress in it called Billie Burke. Two other colleagues quit with her when she was fired in protest and they left a sign in the hallway on their way out that read, "Contributions for Billie Burke."
2nd Interview: Truman Capote
Wow, this one has an ego on him of the highest order! When asked to list a book of his own that he wrote long ago that he likes, he doesn't just name one, he lists four. He also claims that he has "never been aware of any direct literary influence" though others see great writers in him sometimes (Faulkner, Welty, McCullers). He also is really big into pronouncements from upon high about what kind of writers there are- "stylists and typists." He also has some good reading taste, though. He says that he can't read Poe, Dickens or Stevenson anymore ("I love them in memory, but find them unreadable"- like the rest of us and our childhood loves), but the "enthusiasm that remain constant" are: Flaubert, Turgenev, Chekhov, Jane Austen, James, Forster, Maupassant, Rilke, Proust, Shaw, Willa Cather and James Agee- his favorite contemporary writer.
My favorite part- Capote talks about how he needs to detach himself to write about things, "exhausting the emotion": "...I believe my fictional method is equally detached- emotionality makes me lose writing control: I have to exhaust the emotion before I feel clinical enough to analyze and project it, and as far I'm concerned that's one of the laws of achieving true technique. If my fiction seems more personal it is because it depends on the artist's most personal and revealing area: the imagination.
... I seem to remember reading that Dickens, as he wrote, choked with laughter over his own humor and dripped tears all over the page when one of his characters died. My own theory is the writer should have considered his wit and dried his tears long, long before setting out to evoke similar reactions in a reader. I believe the greatest intensity in art in all its shapes ins achieved with a deliberate, hard and cool head."
... I am actually not sure that I agree with Capote about that. I know the times I have felt that I achieved the most in my art, I was not cool or detached. Perhaps that is just because I am not a great artist, but it's food for thought.
3rd Interview: Hemingway
Towards the end of the interview, Hemingway states "The most essential gift for a writer is a built-in shockproof, shit detector."
Well. You can at least tell that whatever else he might say in this interview, or whatever other statements he might disavow, that is one that he is quite proud to stick by. The whole interview is characterized by him proudly showing off that he believes that he has this gift and letting the interviewer (George Plimpton, who he seems to have a longstanding acquaintance with at the time of this interview) know it. He kicks back at this interview for being "stupid" and for asking "tired questions" at several points- mostly because he either feels that a question was badly worded, or he doesn't want to answer it. Plimpton points out in a forward to the interview that Hemingway was so uncomfortable with discussing his craft, and in fact held the strong belief that one should not discuss certain aspects of it lest they melt away (something I remember from his discussion of Fitzgerald as a butterfly in A Moveable Feast), that he wrote out answers on a writing board instead of answering verbally. I wish he'd asterisked which ones that Hemingway answered out loud and which ones were silent- I have a feeling all the schoolyard-y ones were verbalized, viciously, and much of the rest was written down, with a sort of embarrassment. I got that sense of a guy who is at one and the same time embarrassed to talk seriously about his art and makes fun of it a lot out of a sense of... what... I don't know, that he's not doing something more important.. but at the same time desperately wants to talk about it and loves it to no end- it's that "if I loved you less, I might be able to talk about it more," thing. But you know, with more rudeness and masculine posturing.
He also seems quite resistant to the attempts by the interviewer to class him with what I imagine by 1958 (when this interview was done) the "historic" lost generation crowd Unlike Dorothy Parker and her constant talk of poor Fitzgerald, Hemingway makes it a point to either barely talk about or get directly pissy with that crowd. Gertrude Stein was the biggest example- clearly there's an ax to grind there. ("Miss Stein wrote at some length and with considerable inaccuracy about her influence on my work. It was necessary for her to do that after she had learned to write dialogue from a book called The Sun Also Rises"- Wow, the ego and wow, grudge much?) I will say that he was happy enough to underline that he had had the chance to meet Monet and some of the other painters of the time, though.
I have to say I was very impressed with how strongly the interviewer made Hemingway's personality come through, though. He did a wonderful examination of Hemingway's workspace in Havana in the prologue to the interview. Hemingway used a standing desk- who knew? Forerunner of modern health at least in one ways if not in hard-drinking others. He worked at one small little space on top of a bookshelf rather than on the huge desk in the room. As I said, he was quite prickly and in a very specific you're-an-asshole way, despite his own questionable motives at times (apparently once in Madrid he said that "imaginations might be the result of inherited racial experience," after a concussion in the presence of the interviewer and then tried to make him seem like the asshole for taking advantage of a concussed man and violating the clubhouse rules of never writing down silly things that are said- because conversation is for saying "irresponsible" things so you don't write them down." I got a real sense of him in a way that humanized him for me for the first time ever as Hemingway a guy to hang out with, not just Hemingway with the terrible personal life and Hemingway the author.
Favorite bits related to writing:
"If it is any use to know it, I always try to write on the principle of the iceberg. There is seven-eighths of it underwater for every part that shows. Anything you know you can eliminate and it only strengthens your iceberg. It is the part that doesn't show. If a writer omits something because he does not know it there is a hole in the story.
The Old Man and the Sea could have been over a thousand pages long and had every character in the village in it and all the processes of how they made their living, were born, educated, bore children et cetera.That is done excellently and well by t writers. In writing you are limited by what has already been done satisfactorily. So I have tried to learn to do something else. First I have tried to eliminate everything unnecessary to conveying experience to the reader so that after he or she has read something it will become a part of his or her experience and seem actually to have happened."
Interviewer:".... Archibald MacLeish has spoken of a method of conveying experience to a reader that he said you developed while covering baseball games back in those Kansas City Star days. It was simply that experience is communicated by indicating the whole by making the reader conscious of what he has been aware of only subconsciously."
Hemingway: "The anecdote is apocryphal.. What Archie was trying to remember was hoe I was trying to learn in Chicago around 1920 and was searching for the unnoticed things that made emotions, such as the way an outfielder tossed his glove without looking back to see where it fell, the squeak of resin on canvas under a fighter's flat-soled gym shoes, the gray color of Jack Blackburn's skin when he had just come out of stir... You saw Blackburn's strange color and the old razor cuts and the way he spun a man before you knew his history. These were things that moved you before you knew his story."
4th Interview: TS Eliot
I really enjoyed this interview. Eliot was the first of the interviewees that was willing to talk about his work fairly straight on without evasions, and was willing to engage in a more in-depth literary discussion as well. He seemed very polite (I wonder if this is why they placed his interview just after Hemingway, just to give us all a bit of a break). It seemed like he was thoughtful about the progress of his own work, what he had improved at each stage and why.
He says that he considers Four Quartets his best work, and The Waste Land does not stand for the "Lost Generation" or anything like that. At the time of the interview, he had just wrapped up finishing a play, so he was full of talk about writing for the theatre as opposed to writing poetry.
My favorite part of the interview was where he talked about how he had moved from a more "obscure" style of writing to a "simpler" style at the time of the interview:
"I see the Quartets as being much simpler and easier to understand than The Waste Land and Ash Wednesday. Sometimes the thing I'm trying to say, the subject matter, may be difficult, but it seems to me that I'm saying it in a simpler way.
The other element that enters into it, I think, is just experience and maturity. I think that in the early poems it was a question of not being able to-of having more to say than one knew how to say, and having something one wanted to put into words and rhythm which one didn't have the command of words and rhythm to put in a way immediately apprehensible.
That type of obscurity comes when the poet is still at the stage of learning how to use language. You have to say the thing the difficult way. The only alternative is not saying it at all, at that stage. By the time of the Four Quartets, I couldn't have written it in the style of The Waste Land. In The Waste Land, I wasn't even bothering whether I understood what I was saying. These things, however, become easier to people with time. You get used to having The Waste Land or Ulysses."
He also makes an interesting case that he thinks that the fact that he had a second job made his writing better, that it forces you to focus your efforts simply because you have less time to devote to writing. He finds that it could have been a "danger" to simply write too much rather than "perfecting smaller amounts."
The interview certainly made me curious to know a lot more about him. A cursory google search made me even more interested. I'll definitely be picking up the Four Quartets, and likely a biography on him (and his wife) as well.
5th Interview: Saul Bellow
I will admit that I had not read any Saul Bellow going into this, and I didn't know anything about him, really, except that his name often came up on lists of authors and books that one should read.
In the forward to the interview, the interviewer wrote that Bellow spent hours and hours perfecting this interview over the course of five weeks. They actually had about 2-3 sessions of talking across five weeks and then several more meetings just to go over what he had said, correct it, excise sections, etc. So I got the impression of a careful and perfectionist individual who took what he said very seriously, especially when speaking to a publication like the Paris review.
He was very serious about talking about the progression of his own work in a way that felt honest, but not overly egocentric. In addition, of all the interviews, he was the most engaged with the literary environment around him, and with analyzing it and the work of other writers.
His thoughts on Hemingway and Fitzgerald, for example: "I like Hemingway, Faulkner and Fitzgerald. I think of Hemingway as a man who developed a significant manner as an artist, a lifestyle that is important. For his generation, his language created a lifestyle, one that pathetic old gentlemen are still found clinging to. I don't think of Hemingway as a great novelist. I like Fitzgerald's novels better, but I often feel about Fitzgerald that he couldn't distinguish between innocence and social climbing. I am thinking of The Great Gatsby."
I also liked his thoughts on when he was starting out as a writer:
Interviewer: "You mentioned before the interview that you would prefer not to talk about your early novels, that you feel that you are a different person now from what you were then. I wonder if this is all you want to say or if you can say something about how you've changed."
Bellow: "I think that when I wrote those early books I was timid. I still felt the incredible effrontery of announcing myself to the world (in part I mean the WASP world) as a writer and an artist. I had to touch a great many bases, demonstrate my abilities, pay my respects to formal requirements. In short, I was afraid to let myself go."
6th Interview: Borges
This interview was something of a creation, I would say, more like a one-act play or a scene created around a character than a naturalistic conversation between two people. The setup itself, I suppose, is hard to resist. The interviewer met Borges at his job- serving as the Director of the Biblioteca Nacional in Buenos Aires. By the time of the interview Borges was almost totally blind and relied on others for a great many things. There is a side character of his assistant who pops in and out to announce, Godot-like that "Mr. Campbell is waiting," (it seems only for Borges to have the opportunity to say things like, "Those Campbells keep coming," and to get to close the interview as a character would, noting, "...But now I remember the Campbells are coming, the Campbells are coming. They are supposed to be a ferocious tribe. Where are they?"). The interviewer certainly worked hard enough to create an interview that seemed as surreal as some of the writings of the author himself, so kudos.
Borges talked about a number of things, about symbolism and intention in his prose (or the lack thereof), about his blindness and how it had affected his writing, how he got started on writing short stories, etc. Some opinions of other writers- he seems to have respect for Joyce, but he really dislikes Eliot. He sees Eliot as a creature of academia, always "disagreeing with some professor or other," and "drawing fine distinctions," involved in theories and the academic dialogue and game of disagreeing with someone slightly to make a seemingly different but not actually that different point, or being a part of one "school" or another. Borges himself seems, in the Hemingway vein, to see himself as "just writing," rather than being involved in all that "professional academic" stuff.
He says of Eliot: ".. he's not one of the poets that I love. I should rate Yeats far above him. In fact, if you don't mind my saying so, I think Frost is a finer poet than Eliot. I mean a finer poet. But I suppose Eliot was a far more intelligent man; however intelligence has little to do with poetry. Poetry springs from something deeper; it's beyond intelligence. It may not even be linked with wisdom... I remember- of course I was a young man- I was even angry when Eliot spoke slightingly of Sandburg. I remember he said that classicism is good because it enabled us to deal with such writers as Mr. Carl Sandburg. When one calls a poet mister, it's a word with haughty feelings, it means Mr. So-and-so who has found his way into poetry and has no right to be there, who is really an outsider.... That annihilates him, that blots him out."
Though, I have to say, he is the director of the Biblioteca Nacional, and the whole first part of the interview was about his recent study of Old English and Old Norse and their use of metaphors, so I don't know how snotty he really gets to be about Eliot's engagement with the world of the ivory tower and his general following of the norms of academia, which is what Borges seems to mean by "intelligence"
Also, ironically, he seems to have had a very similar experience to Eliot in terms of the development of his writing That is, he makes statements in favor of writing with simplicity and how when he was younger, he thought he had to write in a fancy way to get attention and prove himself, but as he has become older, he has changed his mind:
"Look, I mean to say this: when I began writing, I thought that everything should be defined by the writer. For example, to say, "the moon" was strictly forbidden; that one had to find an adjective, an epithet for the moon... I would never have said So-and-so came in and sat down, because that was far too simple and far too easy.... I think the whole root of the matter lies in the fact that when a writer is young, he feels somehow that what he is going to say is rather silly or obvious or commonplace, and then he tries to hide it under a baroque ornament... Then as time goes on, one feels that one's ideas, good or bad, should be plainly expressed, because if you have an idea you must try to get that idea or that feeling or that mood into the mind of the reader... So I think that a writer always begins by being too complicated- he is playing several games at the same time."
Look above to compare these with Eliot's statements. Appears that they agreed on some things in any case. The interviewer agrees with me- he tries to get Borges to admit that he and Eliot (particularly the Eliot of The Waste Land) have a lot in common, but Borges is just not biting.
There were also some other fun parts- Borges loves English and says that Americans are the "savior" of the language. He says that Shakespeare is not a very "English" writer and calls him "too bombastic." He makes fun of Hamlet's last line as pretentious ( "One feels that Shakespeare is thinking, Well, now Prince Hamlet is dying, he must say something impressive. So he ekes out that phrase, "The rest is silence." Now that may be impressive, but it is not true! He was working away at his job of poet and not thinking of the real character of Hamlet the Dane.") and then goes on a lengthy discourse on the "this England," speech and how it's too long and written in a way that lessens the impact.
Also completed: Vonnegut. Fascinating interview-with-himself type palimpsest, created out of four separate interviews that he edited with a fifth interviewer to create the whole. Will give more detail later.