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The Virtue of Nationalism Hardcover – September 4, 2018
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Nationalism is the issue of our age. From Donald Trump's "America First" politics to Brexit to the rise of the right in Europe, events have forced a crucial debate: Should we fight for international government? Or should the world's nations keep their independence and self-determination?
In The Virtue of Nationalism, Yoram Hazony contends that a world of sovereign nations is the only option for those who care about personal and collective freedom. He recounts how, beginning in the sixteenth century, English, Dutch, and American Protestants revived the Old Testament's love of national independence, and shows how their vision eventually brought freedom to peoples from Poland to India, Israel to Ethiopia. It is this tradition we must restore, he argues, if we want to limit conflict and hate -- and allow human difference and innovation to flourish.
- Print length304 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherBasic Books
- Publication dateSeptember 4, 2018
- Dimensions6.4 x 1 x 9.5 inches
- ISBN-101541645375
- ISBN-13978-1541645370
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Editorial Reviews
Review
"One of the most important books on one of the most important controversies of our time."―New Criterion
"[Hazony] cogently argues in the book that anyone who values his freedom should reject universalism and fight for a future of nations... [an] excellent book."―City Journal
"Hazony is both erudite and well reasoned."―American Conservative
"The Virtue of Nationalism is a brilliant achievement, at once learned and sharp, philosophical and politically engaged."―Jewish Review of Books
"A concise, thoughtful, strongly put case that resurgent nationalism is reason not for concern but for relief."―New York Sun
"Hazony presents a vigorous case for nationalism and its virtues."―National Interest
"The catastrophic failure of the liberal program opens the way for a new kind of political thinking, and Hazony offers a timely contribution to the debate."―Tablet
"Important.... Hazony continues to do a service in reviving the theory of nationalism at a moment when its empirical manifestations have become impossible to ignore. He also presents a model of engaged political philosophy--learned yet accessible, spirited but not excessively hostile."―Modern Age
"A thought-provoking book."―Publishers Weekly
"In an era when the word 'nationalism' falls on many ears as an insult and condemnation, Yoram Hazony recalls the ancient, essential, and even noble origins of the nation. I expect and hope this provocative and deeply learned book will incite fierce debate, but the depth and persuasiveness of its defense of the virtue of nations will demand engagement by every reader concerned with serious political ideas. Hazony masterfully blends a deep grasp of history, political philosophy, theology, and common sense with originality and clarity in what will be one of the most-discussed books of this dawning new age of the nation."―Patrick Deneen, professor of political science, University of Notre Dame, and author of Why Liberalism Failed
"In this engaging and deeply learned book, Yoram Hazony explores the religious and historical roots of nationalism, illuminates its modern accomplishments, and thereby offers a uniquely insightful guide to the forces transforming the politics of the West."―Yuval Levin, editor of National Affairs and author of The Fractured Republic
"To cosmopolitans on the right and left, the division of the world into sovereign nation-states is a lamentable fact we must strive to overcome. In The Virtue of Nationalism, Yoram Hazony demonstrates that it is in fact essential to human flourishing."―Reihan Salam, executive editor, National Review
"Yoram Hazony's book is profound as well as accessible and well-crafted, reflecting years of inquiry and reflection into a subject of unparalleled importance. Political figures, scholars, and the broader public will have to think carefully about this remarkable book."―Natan Sharansky, author of The Case for Democracy and Defending Identity
"Yoram Hazony's The Virtue of Nationalism belongs among the great works of political theory. Hazony presents a radical, even dangerous thesis: what if nationalism is not the scourge that today's left views it as, but rather the best hope humanity has? The Virtue of Nationalism mounts a necessary challenge to the liberal order of the day."―Batya Ungar-Sargon, opinion editor of The Forward
About the Author
Product details
- Publisher : Basic Books; First Edition (September 4, 2018)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 304 pages
- ISBN-10 : 1541645375
- ISBN-13 : 978-1541645370
- Item Weight : 2.31 pounds
- Dimensions : 6.4 x 1 x 9.5 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #39,250 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #14 in Nationalism (Books)
- #60 in Political Philosophy (Books)
- #86 in Israel & Palestine History (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the author
Yoram Hazony is an Israeli philosopher, Bible scholar and political theorist. He is the award-winning author of The Philosophy of Hebrew Scripture (2012), The Virtue of Nationalism (2018), and Conservatism: A Rediscovery. He is President of the Herzl Institute in Jerusalem and a leading proponent of the National Conservatism movement. Visit his website: www.yoramhazony.org.
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After showing that no one can avoid choosing between these latter two positions, Hazony examines the human political process from family to clan to tribe to nation and empire. A new perspective on nations and nationalism is presented and then the connection from the liberal international position to globalism and imperialism is made.
He explains how European unification, free immigration, unfettered free trade, a strong U. N., multinational corporations, a global economy, etc. lead to "...the ideal of an international government or regime that imposes its will on subject nations..." This means the inevitable transformation of liberal internationalism into an imperial dictatorship.
Wow! That will not go down well in many quarters. Yet his logic is rational. Many arguments will be raised I am sure. He examines federalism as a solution and shows how it is unstable even in the most favorable circumstances - i.e. same language, religion and history. You are left with the choice of nationalism or else in the future an empire with your freedoms more restricted.
He does succeed, in my opinion, in showing that nationalism can be a virtue and perhaps is the most stable and free political structure available to us now. People will be talking about and referring to this book for a long time.
1) the tribe/clan,
2) the state/nation,
3) the empire.
While all of these stages have pros and cons, Yoram Hazony quite convincingly argues that the nation/state represents the best overall compromise. This is especially important in a world where the European Union show signs of becoming the follow on to the old Holy Roman Empire – and as such – will contain all the disadvantages of what we have associated with imperialism. Europe as an American military protectorate (if not America as the world’s policeman) and “open borders” (irrespective of the reality of incompatible cultural differences and numbers of people coming across those borders) also fall into this mold, as do international courts and international law. The planet is just too big, the cultures and world views in it too varied to make this anything but a utopian pipe dream. Given the realities of people, universal justice/courts would become rationalized and leveraged as instruments for political advantage. And although not mentioned in Hozany’s book: no one at Nuremburg was prosecuted for anything that had taken place purely in Germany. War crimes only occurred when the German Nation applied it’s norms outside of its borders in an imperialist manner. Other imperialist empires included both Catholicism and Communism. They were out to conquer the world with their own vision of the good society – and all for the very best of reasons. In my opinion, the American military presence in Muslim lands with Islamic cultures (under the guise of “fighting terrorism” – when all we have to do is not let them in, or “nation building”, or a weaponized SJW version of fighting unfairness/atrocities) also falls into this category.
While the book covers a lot of ground and this short review cannot do it justice, there are a few iconoclastic concepts which I had previously accepted (and now I don’t) – which Hazony tackles head on:
1) There has never been a “state of nature” of the kind imagined by Hobbes or Locke (or Social Darwinism), in which individuals were loyal only to themselves. As long as human beings were on earth, they have been loyal to the broader family, clan, and tribe.
2) In much the same way that one could argue “a chicken is just an egg’s way of making another egg” - contrary to the claims of other books on social genetics (e.g. “A Troublesome Inheritance” by Nicholas Wade and possibly “Behave” by Robert M. Sapolsy), cultural affinity/kinship has only an indirect effect on advancing one’s gene pool; i.e., people bond more over cultural affinity than they do over genetic ties (and yes, I realize that inheritance DOES influence behavior and therefore culture and therefore who you like to hang out with. But while important, the genetics aspects are only a second order effect).
Another set of profound insights has to do with Anglo-Saxon vs. continental (and especially German) culture. I have seen these ideas in other places:
1) English empirical science was fueled by empiricism over theory, while
2) On the continent, the only true way to pursue science was in terms of the “idea” or the “theoretical”, based on rational deduction (and all too often – ignoring the pragmatics of the situation).
The book's three downfalls are:
1) The inferences Hazony makes for the Old Testament recommending the Nation-State as the best form of government. While I’m not a bible expert – this seems a reach on the author’s part. When I read the bible, the concept of “nation” never struck me as God’s timeless prescription as the best form of political organization for all of mankind. It just happened to be the way it was at that place and time.
2) Hazony claims that one of the main drives of a culture is to pass on its cultural legacy. I don’t buy this. Pure sexual lust has a great deal to do with who breeds with whom, and no one (especially males) thinks much about cultural transmission in that process (and yes, I do realize that having some cultural things in common help that choice of mate along – but once again, this is a second order effect. When it comes down to the nitty-gritty, lust is the primary driver.).
3) Hazony (using other words) starts repeating his points about 2/3 of the way through the book.
Overall, both in quantity and quality, this book’s virtues far outweigh its shortfalls. It is well worth reading to get a grip on the “globalism” (in various guises) utopia which portrays “nationalism” in its worst extreme post WWI European terms, and advances a war-free world of cooperation among supranational peoples of the earth – if only we were enlightened enough to ignore our differences and join together under one set of (you-name-it) high level codes/laws/morals/whatever.
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Nation states as they exist today are both young -- in comparison with human history -- and vulnerable -- a political composition based upon shared cultural heritage over shared territory is in time of cultural changes and military IT proliferation vulnerable. National health, education, transportation, etc, systems are all based on consensus among the citizens within a nation. The alternatives to a nation, be it families, tribes, clans on one end or empires on the other can be more detrimental in organizing human societies, as history has proven to us.
In this book, Yoram Hazony presented a historical analysis of nation states. I find it informative and thought-provoking. We should continue to condemn over emphasis on nationalism, the "X first" type of thinking, but we also need to be clear about the merits of a national unity -- why and how X should exist in the first place and what are the benefits it brings to the people.
(You are welcome to exchange X with USA, China, Europe, Germany, our sports team, my company, my family, etc.)
This should be seriously studied discussed and debated by all those arguing for classical liberalism or conservative centrism or even fact-based social liberalism (you know, those demonised as far-right by the absolutist imperialists,be they far left or bureaucratic corporatist globalists).
So many of the points and arguments he elucidates i have been struggling to formulate and express over the last couple of years. He addresses clearly and lays out the battleground that will see the west either battered but free and restored , or a despised memory in the imperial demonology of an increasingly barbarous and absolutist imperial regime.
Only developing these ideas and defending them to the hilt, and applying them with vigour will allow free societies to survive the current threats.