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The Future of Life
A magisterial accomplishment: both a moving description of our biosphere and a guidebook for the protection of all its species, including humankind.
From one of the world's most influential scientists (and two-time Pulitzer Prize–winning author) comes his most timely and important book yet: an impassioned call for quick and decisive action to save Earth's biological heritage, and a plan to achieve that rescue.
Today we understand that our world is infinitely richer than was ever previously guessed. Yet it is so ravaged by human activity that half its species could be gone by the end of the present century. These two contrasting truths—unexpected magnificence and underestimated peril—have become compellingly clear during the past two decades of research on biological diversity.
In this dazzlingly intelligent and ultimately hopeful book, Wilson describes what treasures of the natural world we are about to lose forever—in many cases animals, insects, and plants we have only just discovered, and whose potential to nourish us, protect us, and cure our illnesses is immeasurable—and what we can do to save them. In the process, he explores the ethical and religious bases of the conservation movement and deflates the myth that environmental policy is antithetical to economic growth by illustrating how new methods of conservation can ensure long-term economic well-being.
The Future of Life is a magisterial accomplishment: both a moving description of our biosphere and a guidebook for the protection of all its species, including humankind.
From one of the world's most influential scientists (and two-time Pulitzer Prize–winning author) comes his most timely and important book yet: an impassioned call for quick and decisive action to save Earth's biological heritage, and a plan to achieve that rescue.
Today we understand that our world is infinitely richer than was ever previously guessed. Yet it is so ravaged by human activity that half its species could be gone by the end of the present century. These two contrasting truths—unexpected magnificence and underestimated peril—have become compellingly clear during the past two decades of research on biological diversity.
In this dazzlingly intelligent and ultimately hopeful book, Wilson describes what treasures of the natural world we are about to lose forever—in many cases animals, insects, and plants we have only just discovered, and whose potential to nourish us, protect us, and cure our illnesses is immeasurable—and what we can do to save them. In the process, he explores the ethical and religious bases of the conservation movement and deflates the myth that environmental policy is antithetical to economic growth by illustrating how new methods of conservation can ensure long-term economic well-being.
The Future of Life is a magisterial accomplishment: both a moving description of our biosphere and a guidebook for the protection of all its species, including humankind.
220 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 2002
237 people are currently reading
5910 people want to read
About the author
Edward O. Wilson
204 books2,452 followersEdward Osborne Wilson, sometimes credited as E.O. Wilson, was an American biologist, researcher, theorist, and author. His biological specialty is myrmecology, a branch of entomology. A two-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction, Wilson is known for his career as a scientist, his advocacy for environmentalism, and his secular-humanist ideas pertaining to religious and ethical matters. He was the Pellegrino University Research Professor in Entomology for the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University and a Fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. He is a Humanist Laureate of the International Academy of Humanism.
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 236 reviews
August 18, 2012
Skip the overwrought introduction if it turns you off. The motivational parts are a little weak. The rest of the book is fascinating and enlightening.
His major theses:
- The only way to preserve the remaining species on earth is to protect large contiguous areas of habitat.
- The wilderness is worth protecting, both economically and morally.
- With a small change in priorities, most of the remaining species can be protected at a reasonable cost.
Here are the most interesting facts I picked up from reading it.
- The number of unique species that a preserve can support is proportional to the 4th root of its area, so isolated parks don’t accomplish very much.
- Species in general cannot be preserved outside of their habitat, and habitat loss is the dominant reason for extinction. The relationship between a species and its environment is incredibly complicated and indirect. It requires decades of study per species to uncover the precise set of conditions that would be required for it to survive in captivity, or even to decide what aspects of its habitat should be prioritized to protect. For instance, the Vancouver Island Marmot lives only on the tops of mountains, but if you clear the valleys between those mountains, the marmots die.
- Vegetation causes rain. When there is more plant cover, more rain is absorbed and re-emitted cyclically so the amount of atmospheric water increases. Half of the water in the amazon comes from the plants in the amazon itself. Clearing away tropical land changes its climate to be semi-arid, and causes the collapse of nearby areas. As land is cleared the entire climate of the region can collapse. There is some evidence that this is already happening in Borneo.
- The profit margin of timber companies on tropical lands is so small that they can typically be outbid by non profits for logging rights at a rate of a few dollars per acre. In 1998, The Nature Conservancy doubled the size of Bolivia’s Noel Kempff Mercado national park, buying the logging rights of 1.6 million acres at $1 an acre. Conservation International uses the same strategy. I’ve donated to The Nature Conservancy for years, but I’m even more impressed with them after reading this book.
- In the mid 90s, scientists discovered a new large mammal species in the mountains between Laos and Vietnam, so unique that it has its own genus. It is called a saola, and is probably already extinct.
- $28 Billion is enough to secure at least a representative sample of earth’s ecosystems. The current total of all government and private funds allotted for conservation is $6 billion.
- 85% of our antibiotics come from ascomycetes fungi, but likely less than 10% of ascomycetes species have been discovered.
- A new treatment for HIV was discovered during routine screenings from the leaves of a tree in borneo. When they returned to the site where it was found, there were no more of the species left. Finally the last few members were uncovered in the Singapore Botanic Garden.
His major theses:
- The only way to preserve the remaining species on earth is to protect large contiguous areas of habitat.
- The wilderness is worth protecting, both economically and morally.
- With a small change in priorities, most of the remaining species can be protected at a reasonable cost.
Here are the most interesting facts I picked up from reading it.
- The number of unique species that a preserve can support is proportional to the 4th root of its area, so isolated parks don’t accomplish very much.
- Species in general cannot be preserved outside of their habitat, and habitat loss is the dominant reason for extinction. The relationship between a species and its environment is incredibly complicated and indirect. It requires decades of study per species to uncover the precise set of conditions that would be required for it to survive in captivity, or even to decide what aspects of its habitat should be prioritized to protect. For instance, the Vancouver Island Marmot lives only on the tops of mountains, but if you clear the valleys between those mountains, the marmots die.
- Vegetation causes rain. When there is more plant cover, more rain is absorbed and re-emitted cyclically so the amount of atmospheric water increases. Half of the water in the amazon comes from the plants in the amazon itself. Clearing away tropical land changes its climate to be semi-arid, and causes the collapse of nearby areas. As land is cleared the entire climate of the region can collapse. There is some evidence that this is already happening in Borneo.
- The profit margin of timber companies on tropical lands is so small that they can typically be outbid by non profits for logging rights at a rate of a few dollars per acre. In 1998, The Nature Conservancy doubled the size of Bolivia’s Noel Kempff Mercado national park, buying the logging rights of 1.6 million acres at $1 an acre. Conservation International uses the same strategy. I’ve donated to The Nature Conservancy for years, but I’m even more impressed with them after reading this book.
- In the mid 90s, scientists discovered a new large mammal species in the mountains between Laos and Vietnam, so unique that it has its own genus. It is called a saola, and is probably already extinct.
- $28 Billion is enough to secure at least a representative sample of earth’s ecosystems. The current total of all government and private funds allotted for conservation is $6 billion.
- 85% of our antibiotics come from ascomycetes fungi, but likely less than 10% of ascomycetes species have been discovered.
- A new treatment for HIV was discovered during routine screenings from the leaves of a tree in borneo. When they returned to the site where it was found, there were no more of the species left. Finally the last few members were uncovered in the Singapore Botanic Garden.
August 6, 2021
After a fictive discussion with Thoreau to establish a mental framework for the material covered, the author begins by encapsulating the extent of biodiversity on Earth. Then he moves on to compare the economist versus the environmentalist perspectives of the value of biodiversity. All very logically with salient points, and an aspect expanded on in later material.
Within the material the author takes a balanced and hopeful approach, including with the evangelical culture. Quoted is the voice of Janisse Ray, a young poet from southern Georgia, who in her 1999 memoir Ecology of a Cracker Childhood decries the destruction of the region’s longleaf pine forests.
“If you clear a forest, you’d better pray continuously. While you’re pushing a road through and rigging the cables and moving between trees on the dozer, you’d better be talking to God. While you’re cruising timber and marking trees with a blue slash, be praying; and pray while you’re peddling the chips and logs and writing Friday’s checks and paying the diesel bill—even if it’s under your breath, a rustling at the lips. If you’re manning the saw head or the scissors, snipping the trees off at the ground, going from one to another, approaching them brusquely and laying them down, I’d say, pray extra hard; and pray hard when you’re hauling them away.
"God doesn’t like a clearcut. It makes his heart turn cold, makes him wince and wonder what went wrong with his creation, and sets him to thinking about what spoils the child.”
The striking totality of this book I leave the reader to discover, encouraging the reader to carefully think through what is presented. Not to do so is to forfeit our and our children's future, at the least to a hellish existence.
This isn't a book to be read for entertainment, but rather one that attempts to break through blinkered human bubble thinking, hopefully encouraging more reality based knowledge and wisdom in our species.
If you're interested in a book that thoroughly lays out the critical facts of the pickle we've created, shows where this is leading, and notes possible mitigations with contrasted costs, this book is about as fully informative as any I've read. The non-scientific reader can learn much more than they imagine, and the scientific reader can better see the confluence of all the varying aspects.
"We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them." ~ Albert Einstein
Our little blue canoe has a razor-thin biosphere that humanity evolved in, which is being altered at an accelerating pace by our weedy species to a state that will not support our existence.
“Live as if your Life has consequences far beyond your understanding. It does.” ~ Duncan Morrison
Within the material the author takes a balanced and hopeful approach, including with the evangelical culture. Quoted is the voice of Janisse Ray, a young poet from southern Georgia, who in her 1999 memoir Ecology of a Cracker Childhood decries the destruction of the region’s longleaf pine forests.
“If you clear a forest, you’d better pray continuously. While you’re pushing a road through and rigging the cables and moving between trees on the dozer, you’d better be talking to God. While you’re cruising timber and marking trees with a blue slash, be praying; and pray while you’re peddling the chips and logs and writing Friday’s checks and paying the diesel bill—even if it’s under your breath, a rustling at the lips. If you’re manning the saw head or the scissors, snipping the trees off at the ground, going from one to another, approaching them brusquely and laying them down, I’d say, pray extra hard; and pray hard when you’re hauling them away.
"God doesn’t like a clearcut. It makes his heart turn cold, makes him wince and wonder what went wrong with his creation, and sets him to thinking about what spoils the child.”
The striking totality of this book I leave the reader to discover, encouraging the reader to carefully think through what is presented. Not to do so is to forfeit our and our children's future, at the least to a hellish existence.
This isn't a book to be read for entertainment, but rather one that attempts to break through blinkered human bubble thinking, hopefully encouraging more reality based knowledge and wisdom in our species.
If you're interested in a book that thoroughly lays out the critical facts of the pickle we've created, shows where this is leading, and notes possible mitigations with contrasted costs, this book is about as fully informative as any I've read. The non-scientific reader can learn much more than they imagine, and the scientific reader can better see the confluence of all the varying aspects.
"We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them." ~ Albert Einstein
Our little blue canoe has a razor-thin biosphere that humanity evolved in, which is being altered at an accelerating pace by our weedy species to a state that will not support our existence.
“Live as if your Life has consequences far beyond your understanding. It does.” ~ Duncan Morrison
March 6, 2009
I picked up this book most interested in following the trail of bio-prospecting, hearing about some of the field's successes, some predictions for it’s future impact on medicine, pharmaceuticals, etc.
While I expected this book to be great, I was let down by the author's writing style and focus in some sections.
The entire first half of the book was disappointingly dedicated to convincing me that the preservation of bio-diversity is a noble cause. At the most, I expected a section focused on this to fill 10 pages at the most, but I feel that half the book is ridiculously excessive. I picked up the book because I already understand that bio-diversity is positive and absolutely necessary. I feel that people who generally agree with this will probably be the only people to pick up this book. Drilling these basic concepts into the ground actually caused me to put the book down several times, rolling my eyes.
About halfway through the book is where it starts to get good. I recommend reading the second half, while only skimming the first if you already hold the “biodiversity is necessary” opinion.
Overall, what bothered me most were the consistent conclusions the author stated - almost out of thin air, which he then left hanging. Unsupported, unexplored, and therefore irresponsible conclusions bother me. I find them insulting. This method of "indoctrination" was employed consistently through the book. It was so prevalent that while I agree with the author on almost all except the most liberal of his ideas, I still felt used and disrespected as a reader.
As an example, the writer consistently feels that one study can "prove" a particular conclusion. I personally feel that many of the conclusions supporting environmental preservation are adequately supported by responsible, peer-reviewed research that has held up under repeated studies. Why not reference these studies, and reference them responsibly? Somehow, the author chooses instead to sometimes rely on single studies, claiming their proof of "causal" relationships that, truly, do not show causal relationships at all. At best, many of the studies he cites show correlations, but I feel some studies are completely unrelated to the conclusions he draws from them.
Ex:
Author's Conclusion: Human beings came from / evolved in the Savanna.
Study that supposedly "proves" this: A well-known psychological study in which hospital patients require less painkillers when staying in a room with a window to view the outside. Drawing connections like this is irresponsible and insulting to the reader.
Even if I give him the benefit of the doubt, assuming that I read / understood this part of the book wrong, this study was, in the least, cited as support of this conclusion, which I still find absolutely ridiculous. The study sited shows exactly what is stated – that those in hospital rooms with windows generally tend to require less pain medication. Attaching this to some distant concept is exactly the sort of quasi-science reporting that is most often exhibited in shoddy journalism, not in books by Harvard-employed scientists. I expected more.
In closing, if you read this book, keep your eyes open. You may enjoy it, and some parts are quite good, just be aware of when he is trying to sell a personally drawn conclusion to you, and react accordingly.
While I expected this book to be great, I was let down by the author's writing style and focus in some sections.
The entire first half of the book was disappointingly dedicated to convincing me that the preservation of bio-diversity is a noble cause. At the most, I expected a section focused on this to fill 10 pages at the most, but I feel that half the book is ridiculously excessive. I picked up the book because I already understand that bio-diversity is positive and absolutely necessary. I feel that people who generally agree with this will probably be the only people to pick up this book. Drilling these basic concepts into the ground actually caused me to put the book down several times, rolling my eyes.
About halfway through the book is where it starts to get good. I recommend reading the second half, while only skimming the first if you already hold the “biodiversity is necessary” opinion.
Overall, what bothered me most were the consistent conclusions the author stated - almost out of thin air, which he then left hanging. Unsupported, unexplored, and therefore irresponsible conclusions bother me. I find them insulting. This method of "indoctrination" was employed consistently through the book. It was so prevalent that while I agree with the author on almost all except the most liberal of his ideas, I still felt used and disrespected as a reader.
As an example, the writer consistently feels that one study can "prove" a particular conclusion. I personally feel that many of the conclusions supporting environmental preservation are adequately supported by responsible, peer-reviewed research that has held up under repeated studies. Why not reference these studies, and reference them responsibly? Somehow, the author chooses instead to sometimes rely on single studies, claiming their proof of "causal" relationships that, truly, do not show causal relationships at all. At best, many of the studies he cites show correlations, but I feel some studies are completely unrelated to the conclusions he draws from them.
Ex:
Author's Conclusion: Human beings came from / evolved in the Savanna.
Study that supposedly "proves" this: A well-known psychological study in which hospital patients require less painkillers when staying in a room with a window to view the outside. Drawing connections like this is irresponsible and insulting to the reader.
Even if I give him the benefit of the doubt, assuming that I read / understood this part of the book wrong, this study was, in the least, cited as support of this conclusion, which I still find absolutely ridiculous. The study sited shows exactly what is stated – that those in hospital rooms with windows generally tend to require less pain medication. Attaching this to some distant concept is exactly the sort of quasi-science reporting that is most often exhibited in shoddy journalism, not in books by Harvard-employed scientists. I expected more.
In closing, if you read this book, keep your eyes open. You may enjoy it, and some parts are quite good, just be aware of when he is trying to sell a personally drawn conclusion to you, and react accordingly.
June 14, 2010
My Audible review:
I've listened to Cousteau's "The Human, the Orchid and The Octopus" and Jane Goodall's "Reason for Hope" and just finished this one. To be brief, I think this one stands head-and-shoulders above the other two as a case for the environment and a roadmap for a sustainable way of live for humanity. As an environmental educator, I appreciate Wilson's fact-based approach here in regards to both the problems and the solutions; Goodall and Cousteau both argued more from an emotional perspective that, to me, seemed a couple decades old. I read books like this to better understand the issues we face but I personally need a healthy dose of hope and optimism to inspire me to keep up the fight. While this book goes into great detail about the problems we've created in modern, ancient and, yes, prehistoric times, it concludes with concrete examples of what's being done, and by whom, to assure the survival of present day wildlife and humans. Begley definitely needed a pronunciation consultant (for numerous scientific terms as well as the writer Goethe whose name he pronounced "Goath," like a high school freshman!!) but, essentially, did a good job of reading with enough inflection and emotion to keep me from drifting off. I found Wilson's writing to be top-notch. The opening letter to Thoreau was beautiful, in my opinion; one of the better pieces of nature writing I've read in recent years. I suppose if you're not already "green" in some measure, you might find the cases Wilson presents to be unrealistic or alarmist but, it seems to me, you probably just don't really want to hear the truth because this is based in the best facts modern biological science can present. Thank you, E.O. Wilson, for a lifetime of science, leadership and conservation!
I've listened to Cousteau's "The Human, the Orchid and The Octopus" and Jane Goodall's "Reason for Hope" and just finished this one. To be brief, I think this one stands head-and-shoulders above the other two as a case for the environment and a roadmap for a sustainable way of live for humanity. As an environmental educator, I appreciate Wilson's fact-based approach here in regards to both the problems and the solutions; Goodall and Cousteau both argued more from an emotional perspective that, to me, seemed a couple decades old. I read books like this to better understand the issues we face but I personally need a healthy dose of hope and optimism to inspire me to keep up the fight. While this book goes into great detail about the problems we've created in modern, ancient and, yes, prehistoric times, it concludes with concrete examples of what's being done, and by whom, to assure the survival of present day wildlife and humans. Begley definitely needed a pronunciation consultant (for numerous scientific terms as well as the writer Goethe whose name he pronounced "Goath," like a high school freshman!!) but, essentially, did a good job of reading with enough inflection and emotion to keep me from drifting off. I found Wilson's writing to be top-notch. The opening letter to Thoreau was beautiful, in my opinion; one of the better pieces of nature writing I've read in recent years. I suppose if you're not already "green" in some measure, you might find the cases Wilson presents to be unrealistic or alarmist but, it seems to me, you probably just don't really want to hear the truth because this is based in the best facts modern biological science can present. Thank you, E.O. Wilson, for a lifetime of science, leadership and conservation!
February 15, 2010
A great book for those concered about the environment and the state of our natural world. Ed Wilson first made me ashamed to be a human being of this planet, then convinced me that we are smart enough, talented enough, and moral enough to not only do something to protect and preserve life on this planet, but possibly correct many of the wrongs from the past. These people are already hard at work and while the progress is slow, it is still progress.
The book is a bit academic at times; lots of statistics and latin names, but Ed Wilson is a fantastic writer who's talent surely appeals to readers of all levels and any background. This book has been on my shelf for probably four years. I can't believe it took me this long to get to it and finish it!!
The book is a bit academic at times; lots of statistics and latin names, but Ed Wilson is a fantastic writer who's talent surely appeals to readers of all levels and any background. This book has been on my shelf for probably four years. I can't believe it took me this long to get to it and finish it!!
December 16, 2016
Since being very interested in the subject of environmental studies, it was a great pleasure for me to come across this book. Without any doubt I can claim, that one of its strength is deep love for nature.
Nevertheless, there was a number of views presented in the book, which I personally found disagreeable with the main pro-ecological idea of the work.
One of such controversial opinions expressed by the Author was the encouragement of families with no children. I am deeply concerned that the lifestyle of many human beings is far more dangerous for the natural environment than the actual number of the Earth’s inhabitants. The fact is that, due to various child-free trends many people easily resign from having a child, whereas very few of them are ready to resign from all the modern conveniences. Those conveniences are the real threat to the environment. That is so because the possession of a family with a child has already transformed from a natural instinct into a moral pleasure, while many people prefer physical or material pleasures nowadays.
I also consider the story of a negative impact on the nature brought by the Polynesians inadequate. Certainly, every case of the colonization of virgin land always leads to the damages of its natural environment. Nonetheless, the Polynesians didn’t had the tools people use nowadays, which means that the changes in the environment caused by those people were a part of evolution rather than a kind of catastrophes we observe nowadays. Even if scrutinizing the history of Polynesian colonists, I am wondering, why the Author did say nothing about the ancient civilizations being devastated completely with the help of European colonists.
In addition to it, I was disappointed by the Author’s view on the genetically modified organisms. I am not willing to criticise GMOs at the moment, although I generally do not appreciate this development. I just can’t understand, how the Author managed to accept GMOs after providing the readers with a number of stories describing that even the slightest intrusion into the wildlife can change it enormously.
I believe that this book is worse reading mainly because of its stories about animal extinction. However, the readers who are familiar to the subject of environmental studies may be a bit disappointed by the rest of the book.
Nevertheless, there was a number of views presented in the book, which I personally found disagreeable with the main pro-ecological idea of the work.
One of such controversial opinions expressed by the Author was the encouragement of families with no children. I am deeply concerned that the lifestyle of many human beings is far more dangerous for the natural environment than the actual number of the Earth’s inhabitants. The fact is that, due to various child-free trends many people easily resign from having a child, whereas very few of them are ready to resign from all the modern conveniences. Those conveniences are the real threat to the environment. That is so because the possession of a family with a child has already transformed from a natural instinct into a moral pleasure, while many people prefer physical or material pleasures nowadays.
I also consider the story of a negative impact on the nature brought by the Polynesians inadequate. Certainly, every case of the colonization of virgin land always leads to the damages of its natural environment. Nonetheless, the Polynesians didn’t had the tools people use nowadays, which means that the changes in the environment caused by those people were a part of evolution rather than a kind of catastrophes we observe nowadays. Even if scrutinizing the history of Polynesian colonists, I am wondering, why the Author did say nothing about the ancient civilizations being devastated completely with the help of European colonists.
In addition to it, I was disappointed by the Author’s view on the genetically modified organisms. I am not willing to criticise GMOs at the moment, although I generally do not appreciate this development. I just can’t understand, how the Author managed to accept GMOs after providing the readers with a number of stories describing that even the slightest intrusion into the wildlife can change it enormously.
I believe that this book is worse reading mainly because of its stories about animal extinction. However, the readers who are familiar to the subject of environmental studies may be a bit disappointed by the rest of the book.
January 20, 2013
For a book published in 2002, it is good to see how much that was written about has come to pass; improved understanding of the environment, a desire to think big in terms of conservation areas, and looking at the biodiversity of regions.
That said there are areas that have not progressed. Along with animal extinctions, loss of rainforest, and other environmental disasters that have happened around the world.
The solutions that he proposes in the final chapter are still valid, and any government should look at implementing these given how business and corporations have managed to bring the world the the edge of the abyss, and still want more concessions.
That said there are areas that have not progressed. Along with animal extinctions, loss of rainforest, and other environmental disasters that have happened around the world.
The solutions that he proposes in the final chapter are still valid, and any government should look at implementing these given how business and corporations have managed to bring the world the the edge of the abyss, and still want more concessions.
July 14, 2009
Wilson explains how all ecosystems, even those populated by the minutest of species, are linked to all other ecosystems creating one super organism. This super organism surrounds Earth and provides not only equilibrium but services to humanity like water purification, climate regulation, soil enrichment and crop pollination. These services are worth an estimated/astronomical 33 trillion dollars per year.
He describes forces that can lead to the extinction of a species and argues that at current levels of production and consumption our planet no longer has the ability to regenerate. Therefore, according to Wilson, the most important problem of the 21st century will be how to raise the living standard of the poor while preserving as much of the rest of life as possible. He believes the solution must begin with moral reasoning. He mentions two reasons for optimism: a.) advances in science and technology and b.) the fact that religious thinkers are discussing our environmental challenges.
He describes forces that can lead to the extinction of a species and argues that at current levels of production and consumption our planet no longer has the ability to regenerate. Therefore, according to Wilson, the most important problem of the 21st century will be how to raise the living standard of the poor while preserving as much of the rest of life as possible. He believes the solution must begin with moral reasoning. He mentions two reasons for optimism: a.) advances in science and technology and b.) the fact that religious thinkers are discussing our environmental challenges.
October 18, 2010
This was my first E.O. Wilson popular book (a sad admission for an ecologist, I know), but I'm so glad I finally took the plunge. Wilson's writing is superb. His fascination, intense love, and awe of the natural world shines through in elegant, pithy phrases and humorous descriptions and one-liners. This particular book takes the readers through the wonders of the teeming biodiversity of the world (big and charismatic to microscopic and mysterious) to the perils that diversity has faced and continues to face with human impacts of all kinds chipping and hammering away at it. He includes a chapter about valuation of the natural world, in monetary, social, and spiritual ways. He does not point fingers but instead explains how the natural world came to teeter in such peril based on the vagaries and sometimes pointed attempts of the human world to alter it. Of course, there is the final chapter of hope where he points to the promising signs of increased non-profit conservation organizations and governments taking an active role in environmentalism and conservation. This book is a good introduction into the current problems of the day, despite it being seven years old. And it's beautifully and lovingly crafted. Highly recommend!
March 9, 2008
Awesome, awesome book.
I am not what anyone would call a liberal. Neither am I a conservative.
I live outside those labels and live in the land of the spiritual, being aware of the connectedness of all things. (Without being Buddhist.)
It was to that part of my mind and soul this book resonated.
Liberals would thoroughly enjoy this read. Conservatives would enjoy lots of exclamations and expletives.
In my opinion, the author went above and beyond in his description of what is happening to the environment and just how vital the environment is to the sustenance of life, with just enough rational appeal to give us non-liberals something to chew on.
Very rational, very intellectual, yet very moving and real.
I highly recommend this book. Especially to homeschoolers and interested high schoolers.
I am not what anyone would call a liberal. Neither am I a conservative.
I live outside those labels and live in the land of the spiritual, being aware of the connectedness of all things. (Without being Buddhist.)
It was to that part of my mind and soul this book resonated.
Liberals would thoroughly enjoy this read. Conservatives would enjoy lots of exclamations and expletives.
In my opinion, the author went above and beyond in his description of what is happening to the environment and just how vital the environment is to the sustenance of life, with just enough rational appeal to give us non-liberals something to chew on.
Very rational, very intellectual, yet very moving and real.
I highly recommend this book. Especially to homeschoolers and interested high schoolers.
November 11, 2012
This is great info, enjoyable to read and worthwhile. It is often reminding me of The Last Hours of Ancient Sunlight, but explores a much more biological point of reference. It's incredibly factual and detailed about the flora and fauna of the planet and human impact. Wilson urges that because we have conscious choice, we have the option to curb our actions as humanity spreads and destroys at increasingly rapid rates. He encourages a long dormant desire in me to want for the better of the whole of life, not just for humanity, for life. Biophilia! read it, it brings to your frame of reference a much more realistic view of the numbers of species we're losing and how quickly that's happening.
January 25, 2009
Brilliant book for non-biologists about the wondrous intricacies of life on earth and where it's headed if humans don't quickly ramp up their learning curve about how they're about to destroy the tidy house of cards that represents modern "civilization." This book explains why humans are the most dangerous invasive species on earth. But unlike other invasives, they may bring about their own extinction during a relatively short residence in biosphere earth.
July 16, 2009
This is a must read book for anyone who breaths and would prefer for it not to be a lung full of cancerous soot and toxins. Inspirational and oddly optimistic in this age of knee-jerk "the sky is falling" pessimists...even though the sky may be falling...or at least filling up with human-made heat trapping gases.
December 23, 2007
Oh man are we in trouble. I wish someday I could know as much as Wilson and be as articulate and persuasive as he is. Even as he presents depressing fact after depressing fact, there remains an optimistic undertone. How can you spot thinkers like this in their youth and cling to their coattails?
July 12, 2007
Simply phenomenal - outlines a variety of environmental issues, why we should care about them and how we can fix it all.
December 6, 2017
Onvan : The Future Of Life - Nevisande : Edward O. Wilson - ISBN : 349115796 - ISBN13 : 9780349115795 - Dar 220 Safhe - Saal e Chap : 2002
November 28, 2008
So far - Readable and eye opening.
July 12, 2018
The Future of Life was ‘required’ reading for incoming freshmen at BSC in 2003. It has been incredibly interesting revisiting this “call to arms” for environmental conservationism 15 years later - even more so with the issues recently with the EPA. E. O. Wilson is optimistic, tempered by realism and pragmatism, about what can be done to protect the biodiversity under threat from governmental, economic, and ideological choices of those in power. He also outlines some steps the individual can take to apply pressure to those in power to conserve nature. Honestly, the most important parts of this book are Wilson’s outlining the scope of biodiversity present on Earth - known and overwhelmingly unknown, and the rate at which that biodiversity is being reduced - all while explaining the many reasons it behooves is all to care about and actively fight to conserve said biodiversity. Is this book dated? In some ways, yes. Wilson’s optimism is often dashed by the realization that there are those currently who are actively trying to circumvent the preservation of our world for their own personal or shareholders profits. The science, however, is very much relevant. I’d recommend this book to everyone on some level - especially if you are on the fence about saving flora and fauna found across the planet. Preventing extinction for the African elephant and giant panda are just as important as saving microscopic fungi - and life for us, not even our descendants, may actually depend on it.
January 15, 2021
A damning argument with all the pieces to show how humans have become the apex predator, polluter, and parasite on Earth. Covering survival in the most basic life form to the role of biodiversity in complex ecosystems, humans have the knowledge and ability to reverse the trend of destroying Earth because of EO Wilson.
Read
December 8, 2024DNF I liked listening to this as an audiobook while driving (descriptions of nature, ecological responsibility etc) but am putting it down for now. Perhaps I will return to it later. Got to ~20%
April 6, 2025
Kurzmeinung: Engagiert! Defizite: Zukunft+PROPHEZEIUNGEN (Jakob Lorber Bertha Dudde): 3.Wk+Kometenkollision mE 2026: Gerd Gutemann M Kahir Walter Lutz!
Atheistischer & AntiCHRISTlicher Begründer der Soziobiologie liefert "einen der ergiebigsten Beiträge zur politischen Ökologie"! Viel Wißenswertes & Aufrüttelndes: Gefahren, Tierische Überlebenskünstler, Kuriositäten, Lösungsvorschläge, Erfolge...! 17/8/6 S. Endnoten/Register/Glossar! Wilson hat, wie der größte Teil des Menschheit, große Defizite hinsichtlich wirklicher "Zukunft des Lebens" & BESTIMMUNG der Menschen (Top: Franz Deml), "gänzlicher Entartung" (Bertha Dudde! Walter Lutz), PROPHEZEIUNGEN (Jakob Lorber! M Kahir, Kurt Eggenstein: 3.Wk+Kometenkollision: m.E. 2026: j-lorber.de! Gerd Gutemann!), auch bzgl. Politik u.Ä. (Daniele Ganser, Marcus Klöckner, Jürgen Wagner, Jan van Helsing), Demagogie (Rainer Mausfeld, Noam Chomsky), Negativ-NGOs wie "Braune" Bertelsmann-Stiftung & George Soros (Collin McMahon, Alex Demirovic), NWO (Mathias Bröckers, Thomas Röper), Totalitarismus (Wolfgang Bittner, Jonas Tögel, Michel Chossudovsky)...!
Meine vollständige & aktuelle Rezension:
https://www.lovelybooks.de/autor/Edwa...
Prolog: a1) S. 22: "Mit dem Beginn des dritten Jahrtausends zieht ein Armageddon herauf. Doch ist es nicht der in der Bibel vorhergesagte Untergang der Menschheit, sondern die Zerstörung der Erde durch eine im Übermaß verschwenderische und erfindungsreiche Menschheit. Ein Wettlauf hat begonnen: zwischen den [finanz-, geo-, militär-politischen, extrem egomanen, ] technischen und wissenschaftlichen Kräften [Bilderberger, WWF/WEF (Davos, "Young Global Leaders", Club of Rome, Rockefellers, Rothschilds, George Soros, Henry Kissinger, Bill Gates...], die die lebendige Umwelt vernichten, und jenen, die zu ihrer Rettung mobilisiert werden können."
a2) S. 188: "Für die abrahamischen Religionen – Judaismus, Christentum und Islam – steht die Umweltethik in Einklang mit dem Glauben
an die Heiligkeit der Erde und der Vorstellung, dass die Natur Gottes Schöpfung sei. Im dreizehnten Jahrhundert schloss der heilige Franz von Assisi Gottes Geschöpfe, seine erklärten »Brüder und Schwestern«, explizit in seine Gebete mit ein und rühmte die »wunderbare Beziehung« zwischen Menschheit und Natur. In der Schöpfungsgeschichte, 1, 28, heißt es: »Und Gott segnete sie und sprach zu ihnen: Seid fruchtbar und mehrt euch und füllt die Erde und macht sie euch untertan und herrscht über die Fische im Meer und über die Vögel unter dem Himmel und über alles Getier, das auf Erden kriecht.« Dieses Bibelzitat wurde oft herangezogen, um die rücksichtslose Umgestaltung der Natur nach den Bedürfnissen des Menschen zu rechtfertigen. Heute wird sie eher im Sinne einer Schirmherrschaft des Menschen über die Natur interpretiert. So bekräftigte Papst Johannes Paul II., dass die ökologische Krise eine moralische Frage sei."
b) GOTT an die Menschheit durch Seine "NEUOFFENBARUNG" an Jakob Lorber, Gottfried Mayerhofer, Max Seltmann, Leopold Engel...:
b1) "Die Menschen werden von ihren vielen Weltkenntnissen und erworbenen Fähigkeiten einen stets böseren Gebrauch machen und werden ganz freiwillig allerlei Gerichte aus den Tiefen der Schöpfung über sich und die ganze Erde heraufbeschwören. [
"Die Welt und die Natur haben von Gott aus ihre notwendigen und unwandelbaren Gesetze, und zwar in der rechten Ordnung. Dergleichen Gesetze hat auch der Mensch seiner Form und seinem leiblichen Wesen nach. Will der Mensch sich wider diese Ordnung auflehnen und die Welt umgestalten, so wird er darum nicht von einem zornigen Gott bestraft, sondern von der beleidigten, strengen und fixierten Gottesordnung in den Dingen selbst die so sein müssen, wie sie sind." (jl.ev04.143,02)
"Gott hat es in seiner Ordnung schon für immer eingerichtet, daß alles Schlechte und Falsche sich alle Zeit selbst zerstört." (jl.ev05.046,07)
"Es kann den Menschen nun auf keinem anderen Weg mehr geholfen werden als durch große Leiden." (jl.ev02.132,13)"
"Erst wenn die Welt zur Einsicht gelangen wird, daß außer MIR [=GOTT= JESUS JEHOVA = YHWH=JESUS CHRISTUS!] kein Heil zu suchen ist, wird der Friede die Erde küssen." (jl.him1.101)", aus dem Buch "Jakob Lorber von Kurt Eggenstein: http://www.j-lorber.de/ke/6/l-boykot....? aus http://www.j-lorber.de/ke/6/l-boykot.htm aus http://www.j-lorber.de/ke/index.htm
b2) Seelische Ursachen der Kriege: Ausrichtung aufs Materielle als Ursache von Kriegen und andern Übeln: (jl.ev03.012,06) (Jesus zeigt eine Zentralursache aller Übel auf:)
»Daran denkt niemand, dass all das Leid, alle Krankheiten, alle Kriege, alle Teuerung, Hunger und Pest lediglich daher rühren, weil die Menschen anstatt für ihre Seele und ihren Geist nach der Ordnung Gottes alles zu tun, nur alles für ihren Leib tun!« http://www.j-lorber.de/jl/0/endzeit/O...
b3) "VI. Teil: Die prophetischen Vorhersagen Jakob Lorbers:
Die auf die Menschheit zukommenden Katastrophen durch die Umweltschäden
Die Verpestung der Luft
Die Verseuchung des Wassers
Die Verseuchung der Flüsse und Seen
Die Verseuchung des Grundwassers
Die Verseuchung der Ozeane
Zunehmende Krankheiten als Folgen der Umweltgifte und anderer Einwirkungen
Jakob Lorber warnt vor der Zerstörung der Wälder
Die drohende Klimaänderung
Zerstörung der Ozonschicht der Erde und Auslöschung jeglichen Lebens?
Der Prophet sagt weltweite Hungersnot durch menschliche Fehlhandlungen voraus
http://www.j-lorber.de/ke/index.htm
1) Fazit: (Entwurf 5.4.25)
a) Wilson, atheistischer & antiCHRISTlicher Begründer der Soziobiologie, phänomenaler Ameisenkundler & Umwelt-/Ökologie-Fachmann liefert "einen der ergiebigsten Beiträge zur politischen Ökologie"! (Frank Ufen, 2002: spektrum.de)
b) Viel Wißenswertes & Aufrüttelndes:
Gefahren, Tierische Überlebenskünstler, Kuriositäten, Lösungsvorschläge, Erfolge...!
c) Akademisch gute Leistung, auch bezüglich Ausstattung: :
17/8/6 S. Endnoten/Register (Personen & Sachen)/Glossar!
d) Wilson hat, wie der größte Teil des Menschheit, große Defizite hinsichtlich
wirklicher (PROPHEZEITER) "Zukunft des [irdischen] Lebens"
BESTIMMUNG der Menschen (Top: Franz Deml),
"gänzlicher Entartung" (Bertha Dudde! Walter Lutz),
PROPHEZEIUNGEN (Jakob Lorber! M Kahir, Kurt Eggenstein:
Rest-Endzeit (m.E. 2025-2033!) mit Drittem Weltkrieg &.Kometenkollision: die diesen zwangsbeendet, m.E. 2026: "Feind aus den Lüften": j-lorber.de! Gerd Gutemann! M Kahir!),
Dies betrifft auch:
Politik: Daniele Ganser, Marcus Klöckner, Jürgen Wagner, Jan van Helsing...!
Demagogie: Rainer Mausfeld, Noam Chomsky...,
Negativ-NGOs wie "Braune" Bertelsmann-Stiftung & George Soros: Collin McMahon, Alex Demirovic),
"Neue WeltOrdnung" (NWO= "New World Order"): Mathias Bröckers, Thomas Röper,
Totalitarismus: Wolfgang Bittner, Jonas Tögel, Michel Chossudovsky...!
2) Hilfreiches
a) 106 S. Inhaltsangabe, Kapitelzusammenfaßungen & Zitate! https://cdn.bookey.app/files/pdf/book...
b) 23 S. Leseprobe https://www.uni-ulm.de/fileadmin/webs...
c) 2 S. Ihv https://external.dandelon.com/downloa...
d) Andreas Krafft Psychologie des Zukunftsdenkens: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.... "Menschen, die an die Zukunft denken, gestalten ihr Leben bewusster, nachhaltiger und verantwortungsvoller. Dabei geht es nicht um die Vorhersage zukünftiger Ereignisse, sondern um die Vorausschau einer wünschenswerten Zukunft, für die man sich in der Gegenwart engagieren kann..." aus "Unsere Hoffnungen, unsere Zukunft - Erkenntnisse aus dem Hoffnungsbarometer", 2022 https://link.springer.com/book/10.100...
e) Rezensionen & Zitate mit Glossar & Literaturreferenzangaben von Kapitel 7 siehe unten
3) Videos
a) https://youtu.be/2rQWyYm9Vmw Edward O. Wilson: "Die Vielfalt des Lebens"
b) https://youtu.be/UUn3bNIw2TE Edward O. Wilson. Evolution und Gott? (von Michael Kotsch)
Edward O. Wilson gilt als seiner der wichtigsten Evolutionsbiologen der Welt. Schon vor Jahrzehnten provozierte er mit der Feststellung, dass menschliches Verhalten in wesentlichen Teilen aus dem Tierreich stammt und nichts mit Vernunft oder freiem Willen zu tun hat. Für Wilson ist der Mensch ein Tier mit etwas mehr Verstand. Gott sei für die Evolution nicht mehr notwendig, äußerte der Wissenschaftler immer wieder. Der Glaube sei lediglich ein biologischer Überlebensvorteil. Jetzt ist Wilson tot. Auch wenn er nicht auf Gott vertrauen wollte, konnte Wilson die Existenz Gottes ehrlicherweise nicht ganz ausschließen. Immerhin gibt es erhebliche Bedenken gegen eine rein zufällige Entstehung des Universums und Entwicklung des Lebens. Zwischenzeitlich weiß Wilson wohl, ob und was die Seele des Menschen nach seinem irdischen Tod erwartet. Der Text des Beitrags findet sich hier: https://xuvu7p.podcaster.de/2022/06/1... Mehr Informationen zum Thema: https://www.welt.de/print-welt/articl...
c) https://duckduckgo.com/?q=Wilson+Die+...
4) Rezensionen
a) Michael Kotsch (Video mit Rezensions-Text: https://youtu.be/UUn3bNIw2TE ): https://xuvu7p.podcaster.de/2022/06/1...
"Edward O. Wilson war einer der weltweit wichtigsten Evolutionsbiologen. Ende Dezember 2021 ist er im Alter von 92 Jahren gestorben. Weithin bekannt geworden ist der Harvard-Professor durch seien detaillierten Forschungen über das Sozialverhalten von Ameisen. Das „Time“-Magazin zählte ihn 1996 zu einem der 25 einflussreichsten Menschen Amerikas. Zwei der von ihm verfassten Sachbücher erhielten den begehrten Pulitzer-Preis.
In den 1970er Jahren forschte Wilson über Sozialbiologie, wie er das nannte, biologische Faktoren die das alltägliche Verhalten von Tieren und Menschen bestimmen. Er ging davon aus, dass etwa 10% des menschlichen Verhaltens eindeutig auf biologische bzw. genetische Faktoren zurückgeht und nicht von Logik oder Erziehung bestimmt ist. Da die einzelnen Menschen biologisch unterschiedlich ausgestattet sind, hätten sie auch unterschiedliche Chancen im Leben. Im Grunde genommen sei das unter Menschen wie unter Tieren, argumentierte der Professor, weil sie ja von diesen abstammen würden.
In den 1990er Jahren widmete sich Wilson insbesondere dem Umweltschutz. Die Erhaltung der biologischen Vielfalt hatte für ihn einen Wert an sich. Seiner Vermutung nach seien bisher lediglich 10% aller Arten umfassend wissenschaftlich beschrieben, weshalb die Erde noch immer ein weitgehend unbekannter Planet sei. Dabei sprach der Wissenschaftler dem Menschen keine prinzipiell herausragende Funktion zu.
Wilson äußerte sich auch immer wieder über Glaubensfragen. Er ärgerte sich darüber, dass im Vergleich zu Europa in den USA so viele Menschen religiös sind und immer wieder Zweifel an dem umfassenden Erklärungsanspruch der Evolutionstheorie äußern. Aus seiner Sicht sei das dumm und wissenschaftsfeindlich. Weil evangelikale Christen mit einem Eingreifen und Reden Gottes rechnen, sind sie für Wilson eine Gefahr für die Gesellschaft.
Wilson anerkannte den Glauben als wichtige und prägende Kraft in der Welt, neben der Wissenschaft. Allerdings forderte er Christen auf, das Jenseits zu vergessen und auch alle theologischen Auseinandersetzung, um sich dann ganz dem irdischen Überleben der Menschheit und der Rettung der Natur zu widmen. Am Ende sei vor allem die Natur als „heilig“ anzusehen.
Den Versuch mancher Christen, Evolution und Schöpfung miteinander zu verbinden, indem man eine von Gott gesteuerte Evolution behauptet, hielt Wilson für unsinnig. Evolution kommt seiner Meinung nach auch ganz gut ohne Gott aus. Der christliche Glaube würde durch solche Vermischungen sogar an Glaubwürdigkeit verlieren, weil er sich den momentanen Erkenntnissen der Forschung unterordne, ist Wilson überzeugt.
In Interviews äußerte Wilson, er glaube nicht an ein Weiterleben nach dem Tod oder eine losgelöst vom Körper existierende Seele. Das Menschsein ergäbe sich in der Funktionsweise des Gehirns und dem komplexen Zusammenspiel zahlreicher menschlicher Zellen, interpretierte Wilson streng materialistisch.
Wilson behauptete, der Mensch sei gar nicht tauglich für ein Leben in der Ewigkeit. Überhaupt interessiere es ihn eigentlich auch nicht, ob es ein Leben nach dem Tod gäbe oder nicht. Allerdings musste er redlicher Weise zugeben, dass es keinen Beweis gegen Gott gibt, dass, solange keine befriedigende Erklärung für den Ursprung des Universums besteht, die Existenz Gottes sogar wahrscheinlich ist. Dieser Gott aber habe nichts mit dem einzelnen Menschen oder mit Religion zu tun.
Religion wurde von Wilson als Ergebnis der Evolution interpretiert. Vorgeblich liefere die Religion durch ihre Hoffnung auf höhere Kräfte und der vermehrten Einsatz religiöser Menschen für die Gruppe, einen deutlichen Überlebensvorteil. In der modernen Gesellschaft aber sei das nicht mehr notwendig. Deshalb plädierte Wilson für eine vorsätzliche Evolution, eine gezielte gentechnische Verbesserung des Menschen.
Viele von Wilsons Überzeugungen und Interpretationen sind zwischenzeitlich weit verbreitet. Dabei sollte man allerdings nicht vergessen, dass es sich eben nur um Meinungen handelt, die nicht direkt auf wissenschaftlichen Ergebnissen aufbauen, ganz besonders da wo es den Glauben, die Seele und andere Aspekte der Religion betrifft. Dabei sollte gerade jemand, der die Welt als weitgehend unerforschten Planeten betrachtet, der für eine zukunftsoffene Wissenschaft plädiert, Gott nicht vorschnell wegstreichen, nur weil er mit den Mitteln gegenwärtiger Wissenschaft nicht messbar ist oder sich nicht rein materialistisch erklären lässt. Das funktioniert eben auch nur, wenn man all die persönlichen religiösen Erlebnisse unzähliger Menschen, die Augenzeugenberichte verblüffender Wunder und die erfüllte Prophetie, sowie Gebetserhörungen und die Erscheinungen des auferstandenen Jesus allesamt als Täuschungen, Mißinterpretationen oder arglistigen Betrug ansieht. So etwas ist dann aber keine wissenschaftliche Aussage mehr sondern Ausdruck einer materialistischen Weltanschauung.
Zweifellos hat Edward O. Wilson ganz sicher Außergewöhnliches in der Biologie geleistet, glaubwürdiger Sachverständiger für Fragen des Glaubens ist er deshalb aber nicht unbedingt. Wenn der Selbstanspruch biblischer Autoren zutrifft, nicht ihre private Meinung aufgeschrieben zu haben, sondern das was ihnen übernatürlich mitgeteilt wurde, dann gibt es einen Gott, eine menschliche Seele und ein Weiterleben nach dem Tod. Dafür sprechen sowohl zahlreiche Zeugenaussagen als auch rein sachliche Gründe.
Jetzt, nach seinem Tod, weiß Edward O. Wilson zweifellos, ob er mit seinen Annahmen über Gott und die Seele Recht hatte oder nicht. Jeder denkende Mensch muss ehrlicherweise wohl einen gewissen Rest an Unsicherheit haben, wenn er auf den Tod zugeht. In jedem Fall ist das Ende des irdischen Lebens, das Sterben des Körpers, ein einschneidendes, alles veränderndes Ereignis. Kurze Zeit später ist dann klar, ob es eine vom Körper unabhängige Seele wirklich gibt oder nicht.
Am Wichtigsten für das Nachdenken über das Weiterleben der menschlichen Seele sind wohl die Berichte über Jesus Christus, der nach seinem eindeutigen Tod wieder lebendig wurde, was zahlreiche unverdächtige Augenzeugen bestätigten. (von Michael Kotsch) Schlagwörter: Ameisen, Apologetik, Atheismus, Biologie, Edward Wilson, Evolution, Gott, Natur, Religion, Seele, Soziobiologie, Spekulation, Tod, tot, Wilson, Zufall
b1) Frank Ufen, 2002: https://www.spektrum.de/rezension/edw...
2. Hälfte (1. siehe unten): "...Wenn die nicht erneuerbaren Ressourcen der Erde weiterhin mit derselben Hemmungslosigkeit ausgebeutet werden und wenn Lebensräume und Ökosysteme weiterhin mit derselben Geschwindigkeit zerstört werden, dann — prophezeit Wilson — werden bis zum Jahr 2030 ein Fünftel und bis zum Ende dieses Jahrhunderts die Hälfte aller Tier- und Pflanzenarten ausgestorben sein. Trotz alledem hält es Wilson immer noch für möglich, den totalen ökologischen Kollaps zu verhindern. Er hofft darauf, dass eine universale ökologische Ethik, die auf einem umfassenden Verständnis der Beziehungsgeflechte zwischen Mensch und Natur beruht, sich schließlich durchsetzen wird. Er vertraut darauf, dass die biophilen Instinkte, die den Menschen dazu befähigen, sich in nichtmenschliche Organismen einzufühlen, ihn auch dazu veranlassen könnten, sich mit ihnen zu solidarisieren. Und Wilson setzt darüber hinaus auf pure ökonomische Vernunft. 1997 betrug das weltweit erzielte Bruttosozialprodukt 18 Billionen US-Dollar. Demgegenüber entsprach die Summe aller ökologischen Dienstleitungen, die die Biosphäre im selben Jahr für die menschliche Bevölkerung produzierte, einem Wert von mindestens 33 Billionen Dollar. Wilson schließt daraus, dass jeder Versuch, die Dienstleistungen der Natur durch synthetisch erzeugte zu ersetzen, langfristig zum Scheitern verurteilt ist. Wilsons apokalyptische Prognosen sind in mehrfacher Hinsicht anfechtbar, und mit den Strategien, die er vorschlägt, wird der Weltuntergang kaum abgewendet werden können. Trotzdem: Wilson liefert mit diesem Buch einen der ergiebigsten Beiträge zur politischen Ökologie überhaupt — und eine präzise Bestandsaufnahme, die die prekäre Lage der Biosphäre deutlich vor Augen führt."
c) https://www.perlentaucher.de/buch/edw...
c1) Rezensionsnotiz zu Die Zeit, 21.03.2002: Reiner Klingholz teilt Wilsons Liebe zum Kleinen, aber nicht die zum Großen. Er feiert ihn als Myrmekologen - das heißt Ameisenkundler -, der noch im letzten Jahr die offensichtlich hinreißende "Kerbtierthymne" "Ameisen" vorlegte, aber als Moralisten sieht er sich durch Wilson gelangweilt. Auch im vorliegenden Buch bewundert der Rezensent Wilsons "ungeheure Kenntnis biologischer Zusammenhänge" und schwärmt von Passagen, in denen Wilson die nie endende Anpassungsfähigkeit der Arten in einer Anschaulichkeit...
Atheistischer & AntiCHRISTlicher Begründer der Soziobiologie liefert "einen der ergiebigsten Beiträge zur politischen Ökologie"! Viel Wißenswertes & Aufrüttelndes: Gefahren, Tierische Überlebenskünstler, Kuriositäten, Lösungsvorschläge, Erfolge...! 17/8/6 S. Endnoten/Register/Glossar! Wilson hat, wie der größte Teil des Menschheit, große Defizite hinsichtlich wirklicher "Zukunft des Lebens" & BESTIMMUNG der Menschen (Top: Franz Deml), "gänzlicher Entartung" (Bertha Dudde! Walter Lutz), PROPHEZEIUNGEN (Jakob Lorber! M Kahir, Kurt Eggenstein: 3.Wk+Kometenkollision: m.E. 2026: j-lorber.de! Gerd Gutemann!), auch bzgl. Politik u.Ä. (Daniele Ganser, Marcus Klöckner, Jürgen Wagner, Jan van Helsing), Demagogie (Rainer Mausfeld, Noam Chomsky), Negativ-NGOs wie "Braune" Bertelsmann-Stiftung & George Soros (Collin McMahon, Alex Demirovic), NWO (Mathias Bröckers, Thomas Röper), Totalitarismus (Wolfgang Bittner, Jonas Tögel, Michel Chossudovsky)...!
Meine vollständige & aktuelle Rezension:
https://www.lovelybooks.de/autor/Edwa...
Prolog: a1) S. 22: "Mit dem Beginn des dritten Jahrtausends zieht ein Armageddon herauf. Doch ist es nicht der in der Bibel vorhergesagte Untergang der Menschheit, sondern die Zerstörung der Erde durch eine im Übermaß verschwenderische und erfindungsreiche Menschheit. Ein Wettlauf hat begonnen: zwischen den [finanz-, geo-, militär-politischen, extrem egomanen, ] technischen und wissenschaftlichen Kräften [Bilderberger, WWF/WEF (Davos, "Young Global Leaders", Club of Rome, Rockefellers, Rothschilds, George Soros, Henry Kissinger, Bill Gates...], die die lebendige Umwelt vernichten, und jenen, die zu ihrer Rettung mobilisiert werden können."
a2) S. 188: "Für die abrahamischen Religionen – Judaismus, Christentum und Islam – steht die Umweltethik in Einklang mit dem Glauben
an die Heiligkeit der Erde und der Vorstellung, dass die Natur Gottes Schöpfung sei. Im dreizehnten Jahrhundert schloss der heilige Franz von Assisi Gottes Geschöpfe, seine erklärten »Brüder und Schwestern«, explizit in seine Gebete mit ein und rühmte die »wunderbare Beziehung« zwischen Menschheit und Natur. In der Schöpfungsgeschichte, 1, 28, heißt es: »Und Gott segnete sie und sprach zu ihnen: Seid fruchtbar und mehrt euch und füllt die Erde und macht sie euch untertan und herrscht über die Fische im Meer und über die Vögel unter dem Himmel und über alles Getier, das auf Erden kriecht.« Dieses Bibelzitat wurde oft herangezogen, um die rücksichtslose Umgestaltung der Natur nach den Bedürfnissen des Menschen zu rechtfertigen. Heute wird sie eher im Sinne einer Schirmherrschaft des Menschen über die Natur interpretiert. So bekräftigte Papst Johannes Paul II., dass die ökologische Krise eine moralische Frage sei."
b) GOTT an die Menschheit durch Seine "NEUOFFENBARUNG" an Jakob Lorber, Gottfried Mayerhofer, Max Seltmann, Leopold Engel...:
b1) "Die Menschen werden von ihren vielen Weltkenntnissen und erworbenen Fähigkeiten einen stets böseren Gebrauch machen und werden ganz freiwillig allerlei Gerichte aus den Tiefen der Schöpfung über sich und die ganze Erde heraufbeschwören. [
"Die Welt und die Natur haben von Gott aus ihre notwendigen und unwandelbaren Gesetze, und zwar in der rechten Ordnung. Dergleichen Gesetze hat auch der Mensch seiner Form und seinem leiblichen Wesen nach. Will der Mensch sich wider diese Ordnung auflehnen und die Welt umgestalten, so wird er darum nicht von einem zornigen Gott bestraft, sondern von der beleidigten, strengen und fixierten Gottesordnung in den Dingen selbst die so sein müssen, wie sie sind." (jl.ev04.143,02)
"Gott hat es in seiner Ordnung schon für immer eingerichtet, daß alles Schlechte und Falsche sich alle Zeit selbst zerstört." (jl.ev05.046,07)
"Es kann den Menschen nun auf keinem anderen Weg mehr geholfen werden als durch große Leiden." (jl.ev02.132,13)"
"Erst wenn die Welt zur Einsicht gelangen wird, daß außer MIR [=GOTT= JESUS JEHOVA = YHWH=JESUS CHRISTUS!] kein Heil zu suchen ist, wird der Friede die Erde küssen." (jl.him1.101)", aus dem Buch "Jakob Lorber von Kurt Eggenstein: http://www.j-lorber.de/ke/6/l-boykot....? aus http://www.j-lorber.de/ke/6/l-boykot.htm aus http://www.j-lorber.de/ke/index.htm
b2) Seelische Ursachen der Kriege: Ausrichtung aufs Materielle als Ursache von Kriegen und andern Übeln: (jl.ev03.012,06) (Jesus zeigt eine Zentralursache aller Übel auf:)
»Daran denkt niemand, dass all das Leid, alle Krankheiten, alle Kriege, alle Teuerung, Hunger und Pest lediglich daher rühren, weil die Menschen anstatt für ihre Seele und ihren Geist nach der Ordnung Gottes alles zu tun, nur alles für ihren Leib tun!« http://www.j-lorber.de/jl/0/endzeit/O...
b3) "VI. Teil: Die prophetischen Vorhersagen Jakob Lorbers:
Die auf die Menschheit zukommenden Katastrophen durch die Umweltschäden
Die Verpestung der Luft
Die Verseuchung des Wassers
Die Verseuchung der Flüsse und Seen
Die Verseuchung des Grundwassers
Die Verseuchung der Ozeane
Zunehmende Krankheiten als Folgen der Umweltgifte und anderer Einwirkungen
Jakob Lorber warnt vor der Zerstörung der Wälder
Die drohende Klimaänderung
Zerstörung der Ozonschicht der Erde und Auslöschung jeglichen Lebens?
Der Prophet sagt weltweite Hungersnot durch menschliche Fehlhandlungen voraus
http://www.j-lorber.de/ke/index.htm
1) Fazit: (Entwurf 5.4.25)
a) Wilson, atheistischer & antiCHRISTlicher Begründer der Soziobiologie, phänomenaler Ameisenkundler & Umwelt-/Ökologie-Fachmann liefert "einen der ergiebigsten Beiträge zur politischen Ökologie"! (Frank Ufen, 2002: spektrum.de)
b) Viel Wißenswertes & Aufrüttelndes:
Gefahren, Tierische Überlebenskünstler, Kuriositäten, Lösungsvorschläge, Erfolge...!
c) Akademisch gute Leistung, auch bezüglich Ausstattung: :
17/8/6 S. Endnoten/Register (Personen & Sachen)/Glossar!
d) Wilson hat, wie der größte Teil des Menschheit, große Defizite hinsichtlich
wirklicher (PROPHEZEITER) "Zukunft des [irdischen] Lebens"
BESTIMMUNG der Menschen (Top: Franz Deml),
"gänzlicher Entartung" (Bertha Dudde! Walter Lutz),
PROPHEZEIUNGEN (Jakob Lorber! M Kahir, Kurt Eggenstein:
Rest-Endzeit (m.E. 2025-2033!) mit Drittem Weltkrieg &.Kometenkollision: die diesen zwangsbeendet, m.E. 2026: "Feind aus den Lüften": j-lorber.de! Gerd Gutemann! M Kahir!),
Dies betrifft auch:
Politik: Daniele Ganser, Marcus Klöckner, Jürgen Wagner, Jan van Helsing...!
Demagogie: Rainer Mausfeld, Noam Chomsky...,
Negativ-NGOs wie "Braune" Bertelsmann-Stiftung & George Soros: Collin McMahon, Alex Demirovic),
"Neue WeltOrdnung" (NWO= "New World Order"): Mathias Bröckers, Thomas Röper,
Totalitarismus: Wolfgang Bittner, Jonas Tögel, Michel Chossudovsky...!
2) Hilfreiches
a) 106 S. Inhaltsangabe, Kapitelzusammenfaßungen & Zitate! https://cdn.bookey.app/files/pdf/book...
b) 23 S. Leseprobe https://www.uni-ulm.de/fileadmin/webs...
c) 2 S. Ihv https://external.dandelon.com/downloa...
d) Andreas Krafft Psychologie des Zukunftsdenkens: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.... "Menschen, die an die Zukunft denken, gestalten ihr Leben bewusster, nachhaltiger und verantwortungsvoller. Dabei geht es nicht um die Vorhersage zukünftiger Ereignisse, sondern um die Vorausschau einer wünschenswerten Zukunft, für die man sich in der Gegenwart engagieren kann..." aus "Unsere Hoffnungen, unsere Zukunft - Erkenntnisse aus dem Hoffnungsbarometer", 2022 https://link.springer.com/book/10.100...
e) Rezensionen & Zitate mit Glossar & Literaturreferenzangaben von Kapitel 7 siehe unten
3) Videos
a) https://youtu.be/2rQWyYm9Vmw Edward O. Wilson: "Die Vielfalt des Lebens"
b) https://youtu.be/UUn3bNIw2TE Edward O. Wilson. Evolution und Gott? (von Michael Kotsch)
Edward O. Wilson gilt als seiner der wichtigsten Evolutionsbiologen der Welt. Schon vor Jahrzehnten provozierte er mit der Feststellung, dass menschliches Verhalten in wesentlichen Teilen aus dem Tierreich stammt und nichts mit Vernunft oder freiem Willen zu tun hat. Für Wilson ist der Mensch ein Tier mit etwas mehr Verstand. Gott sei für die Evolution nicht mehr notwendig, äußerte der Wissenschaftler immer wieder. Der Glaube sei lediglich ein biologischer Überlebensvorteil. Jetzt ist Wilson tot. Auch wenn er nicht auf Gott vertrauen wollte, konnte Wilson die Existenz Gottes ehrlicherweise nicht ganz ausschließen. Immerhin gibt es erhebliche Bedenken gegen eine rein zufällige Entstehung des Universums und Entwicklung des Lebens. Zwischenzeitlich weiß Wilson wohl, ob und was die Seele des Menschen nach seinem irdischen Tod erwartet. Der Text des Beitrags findet sich hier: https://xuvu7p.podcaster.de/2022/06/1... Mehr Informationen zum Thema: https://www.welt.de/print-welt/articl...
c) https://duckduckgo.com/?q=Wilson+Die+...
4) Rezensionen
a) Michael Kotsch (Video mit Rezensions-Text: https://youtu.be/UUn3bNIw2TE ): https://xuvu7p.podcaster.de/2022/06/1...
"Edward O. Wilson war einer der weltweit wichtigsten Evolutionsbiologen. Ende Dezember 2021 ist er im Alter von 92 Jahren gestorben. Weithin bekannt geworden ist der Harvard-Professor durch seien detaillierten Forschungen über das Sozialverhalten von Ameisen. Das „Time“-Magazin zählte ihn 1996 zu einem der 25 einflussreichsten Menschen Amerikas. Zwei der von ihm verfassten Sachbücher erhielten den begehrten Pulitzer-Preis.
In den 1970er Jahren forschte Wilson über Sozialbiologie, wie er das nannte, biologische Faktoren die das alltägliche Verhalten von Tieren und Menschen bestimmen. Er ging davon aus, dass etwa 10% des menschlichen Verhaltens eindeutig auf biologische bzw. genetische Faktoren zurückgeht und nicht von Logik oder Erziehung bestimmt ist. Da die einzelnen Menschen biologisch unterschiedlich ausgestattet sind, hätten sie auch unterschiedliche Chancen im Leben. Im Grunde genommen sei das unter Menschen wie unter Tieren, argumentierte der Professor, weil sie ja von diesen abstammen würden.
In den 1990er Jahren widmete sich Wilson insbesondere dem Umweltschutz. Die Erhaltung der biologischen Vielfalt hatte für ihn einen Wert an sich. Seiner Vermutung nach seien bisher lediglich 10% aller Arten umfassend wissenschaftlich beschrieben, weshalb die Erde noch immer ein weitgehend unbekannter Planet sei. Dabei sprach der Wissenschaftler dem Menschen keine prinzipiell herausragende Funktion zu.
Wilson äußerte sich auch immer wieder über Glaubensfragen. Er ärgerte sich darüber, dass im Vergleich zu Europa in den USA so viele Menschen religiös sind und immer wieder Zweifel an dem umfassenden Erklärungsanspruch der Evolutionstheorie äußern. Aus seiner Sicht sei das dumm und wissenschaftsfeindlich. Weil evangelikale Christen mit einem Eingreifen und Reden Gottes rechnen, sind sie für Wilson eine Gefahr für die Gesellschaft.
Wilson anerkannte den Glauben als wichtige und prägende Kraft in der Welt, neben der Wissenschaft. Allerdings forderte er Christen auf, das Jenseits zu vergessen und auch alle theologischen Auseinandersetzung, um sich dann ganz dem irdischen Überleben der Menschheit und der Rettung der Natur zu widmen. Am Ende sei vor allem die Natur als „heilig“ anzusehen.
Den Versuch mancher Christen, Evolution und Schöpfung miteinander zu verbinden, indem man eine von Gott gesteuerte Evolution behauptet, hielt Wilson für unsinnig. Evolution kommt seiner Meinung nach auch ganz gut ohne Gott aus. Der christliche Glaube würde durch solche Vermischungen sogar an Glaubwürdigkeit verlieren, weil er sich den momentanen Erkenntnissen der Forschung unterordne, ist Wilson überzeugt.
In Interviews äußerte Wilson, er glaube nicht an ein Weiterleben nach dem Tod oder eine losgelöst vom Körper existierende Seele. Das Menschsein ergäbe sich in der Funktionsweise des Gehirns und dem komplexen Zusammenspiel zahlreicher menschlicher Zellen, interpretierte Wilson streng materialistisch.
Wilson behauptete, der Mensch sei gar nicht tauglich für ein Leben in der Ewigkeit. Überhaupt interessiere es ihn eigentlich auch nicht, ob es ein Leben nach dem Tod gäbe oder nicht. Allerdings musste er redlicher Weise zugeben, dass es keinen Beweis gegen Gott gibt, dass, solange keine befriedigende Erklärung für den Ursprung des Universums besteht, die Existenz Gottes sogar wahrscheinlich ist. Dieser Gott aber habe nichts mit dem einzelnen Menschen oder mit Religion zu tun.
Religion wurde von Wilson als Ergebnis der Evolution interpretiert. Vorgeblich liefere die Religion durch ihre Hoffnung auf höhere Kräfte und der vermehrten Einsatz religiöser Menschen für die Gruppe, einen deutlichen Überlebensvorteil. In der modernen Gesellschaft aber sei das nicht mehr notwendig. Deshalb plädierte Wilson für eine vorsätzliche Evolution, eine gezielte gentechnische Verbesserung des Menschen.
Viele von Wilsons Überzeugungen und Interpretationen sind zwischenzeitlich weit verbreitet. Dabei sollte man allerdings nicht vergessen, dass es sich eben nur um Meinungen handelt, die nicht direkt auf wissenschaftlichen Ergebnissen aufbauen, ganz besonders da wo es den Glauben, die Seele und andere Aspekte der Religion betrifft. Dabei sollte gerade jemand, der die Welt als weitgehend unerforschten Planeten betrachtet, der für eine zukunftsoffene Wissenschaft plädiert, Gott nicht vorschnell wegstreichen, nur weil er mit den Mitteln gegenwärtiger Wissenschaft nicht messbar ist oder sich nicht rein materialistisch erklären lässt. Das funktioniert eben auch nur, wenn man all die persönlichen religiösen Erlebnisse unzähliger Menschen, die Augenzeugenberichte verblüffender Wunder und die erfüllte Prophetie, sowie Gebetserhörungen und die Erscheinungen des auferstandenen Jesus allesamt als Täuschungen, Mißinterpretationen oder arglistigen Betrug ansieht. So etwas ist dann aber keine wissenschaftliche Aussage mehr sondern Ausdruck einer materialistischen Weltanschauung.
Zweifellos hat Edward O. Wilson ganz sicher Außergewöhnliches in der Biologie geleistet, glaubwürdiger Sachverständiger für Fragen des Glaubens ist er deshalb aber nicht unbedingt. Wenn der Selbstanspruch biblischer Autoren zutrifft, nicht ihre private Meinung aufgeschrieben zu haben, sondern das was ihnen übernatürlich mitgeteilt wurde, dann gibt es einen Gott, eine menschliche Seele und ein Weiterleben nach dem Tod. Dafür sprechen sowohl zahlreiche Zeugenaussagen als auch rein sachliche Gründe.
Jetzt, nach seinem Tod, weiß Edward O. Wilson zweifellos, ob er mit seinen Annahmen über Gott und die Seele Recht hatte oder nicht. Jeder denkende Mensch muss ehrlicherweise wohl einen gewissen Rest an Unsicherheit haben, wenn er auf den Tod zugeht. In jedem Fall ist das Ende des irdischen Lebens, das Sterben des Körpers, ein einschneidendes, alles veränderndes Ereignis. Kurze Zeit später ist dann klar, ob es eine vom Körper unabhängige Seele wirklich gibt oder nicht.
Am Wichtigsten für das Nachdenken über das Weiterleben der menschlichen Seele sind wohl die Berichte über Jesus Christus, der nach seinem eindeutigen Tod wieder lebendig wurde, was zahlreiche unverdächtige Augenzeugen bestätigten. (von Michael Kotsch) Schlagwörter: Ameisen, Apologetik, Atheismus, Biologie, Edward Wilson, Evolution, Gott, Natur, Religion, Seele, Soziobiologie, Spekulation, Tod, tot, Wilson, Zufall
b1) Frank Ufen, 2002: https://www.spektrum.de/rezension/edw...
2. Hälfte (1. siehe unten): "...Wenn die nicht erneuerbaren Ressourcen der Erde weiterhin mit derselben Hemmungslosigkeit ausgebeutet werden und wenn Lebensräume und Ökosysteme weiterhin mit derselben Geschwindigkeit zerstört werden, dann — prophezeit Wilson — werden bis zum Jahr 2030 ein Fünftel und bis zum Ende dieses Jahrhunderts die Hälfte aller Tier- und Pflanzenarten ausgestorben sein. Trotz alledem hält es Wilson immer noch für möglich, den totalen ökologischen Kollaps zu verhindern. Er hofft darauf, dass eine universale ökologische Ethik, die auf einem umfassenden Verständnis der Beziehungsgeflechte zwischen Mensch und Natur beruht, sich schließlich durchsetzen wird. Er vertraut darauf, dass die biophilen Instinkte, die den Menschen dazu befähigen, sich in nichtmenschliche Organismen einzufühlen, ihn auch dazu veranlassen könnten, sich mit ihnen zu solidarisieren. Und Wilson setzt darüber hinaus auf pure ökonomische Vernunft. 1997 betrug das weltweit erzielte Bruttosozialprodukt 18 Billionen US-Dollar. Demgegenüber entsprach die Summe aller ökologischen Dienstleitungen, die die Biosphäre im selben Jahr für die menschliche Bevölkerung produzierte, einem Wert von mindestens 33 Billionen Dollar. Wilson schließt daraus, dass jeder Versuch, die Dienstleistungen der Natur durch synthetisch erzeugte zu ersetzen, langfristig zum Scheitern verurteilt ist. Wilsons apokalyptische Prognosen sind in mehrfacher Hinsicht anfechtbar, und mit den Strategien, die er vorschlägt, wird der Weltuntergang kaum abgewendet werden können. Trotzdem: Wilson liefert mit diesem Buch einen der ergiebigsten Beiträge zur politischen Ökologie überhaupt — und eine präzise Bestandsaufnahme, die die prekäre Lage der Biosphäre deutlich vor Augen führt."
c) https://www.perlentaucher.de/buch/edw...
c1) Rezensionsnotiz zu Die Zeit, 21.03.2002: Reiner Klingholz teilt Wilsons Liebe zum Kleinen, aber nicht die zum Großen. Er feiert ihn als Myrmekologen - das heißt Ameisenkundler -, der noch im letzten Jahr die offensichtlich hinreißende "Kerbtierthymne" "Ameisen" vorlegte, aber als Moralisten sieht er sich durch Wilson gelangweilt. Auch im vorliegenden Buch bewundert der Rezensent Wilsons "ungeheure Kenntnis biologischer Zusammenhänge" und schwärmt von Passagen, in denen Wilson die nie endende Anpassungsfähigkeit der Arten in einer Anschaulichkeit...
November 9, 2021
This is mostly a book about the problems of decreased biodiversity, so it's a very sad read.
March 3, 2019
A beautifully written book by Edward O. Wilson in defense of nature and biodiversity, in it the author argues that the time has come we homo sapiens take responsibility for our actions and stop running amok letting other creatures live on this planet we both call home.
The book paints a less than flattering picture of humanity. Basically, imagine a sci-fi scenario in which the protagonists are locked in a closed space with some horrendous creature that hunts them for sport, food or just to eliminate them out of sheer spite. Now, on Earth that horrendous creature is us, and every other living being is the poor slob confined with us.
Humanity, as we all know now, is an awful companion to other creatures, as from the time we had the means (brain, tools, fire, ect.) we raced to fulfil all our fleeting instinct and need, all else be damned. In doing so our ancestors eradicated much of the megafauna and large animals and we, the descendants, do everything in our power to up the old fools one by systematically eradicating the remnants of a once diverse biosphere. It is not to say we do this because we are rotten or evil, for the most part of our history we were unaware of the destruction we were causing, and now that we know it might be late as other considerations come before the diversity of the biosphere.
Our entire modern civilization is built on growth alone and the gears of capital are hard to stop in the protection of some plant or mice. Also, our gross overpopulation marched us into a bottleneck, where the population of Earth is rising fast and in order to feed the masses, we need every bit of land we can grab. When given the choice whether we should feed a starving child or save some obscure plant or insect not many people would go for the later. On the bright side, the flattening out of the number of the humans are in sight, in the century, with no major trend change, we most probably see the highest number of inhabitants for some time at least.
The author argues, rightly so I think, that even with these considerations the biosphere is worth sparing for several reasons. First, we do not understand the consequences of our actions, it is a very real possibility that they come back to haunt or even kill us down the road. Imagine killing of parts of the ecosystem which turns out indispensable to agriculture or human life, even small parts of it is so complex that technology won’t be able to save us. So it is in our best interest to try to save this planet of ours. There is the moral, or ethical argument, which goes something like every living thing is unique, keeping this uniqueness is worth the fight in itself. Even more so, as life on Earth originates from the same source, therefore on a level every living thing is a distant relative of us. Furthermore, we owe it to our descendants to save the diversity of life, so not only us can enjoy the singing of different birds or the sight of some magnificent animals or the joy of understanding the workings of some microbes. He supports his standpoint with one more proof. The heaps of unknown species conceal in themselves possibly tons of new medicines, food sources and other innovations, by killing them off they take their secrets into their graves, it is a misdeed or borderline crime to let this happen. He follows it up by flashing light on another important aspect of the whole case, saving the majority of life wouldn’t even be a that costly thing to do, and the lot of it could be offset by creating a new, sustainable way of handling our forests, waters and general living spaces. So basically, we have the means, we have the case, only the will is lacking, we should (and by we I absolutely mean myself too) do it for ourselves, the biosphere and the future of life on Earth.
The book as you probably can tell left a rather good impression on me. On one hand, the arguments are sufficiently supported, the chapters logically built and the author trustworthy source of most of what he writes about, being at the forefront of conservationist movement. On the other hand, the book is beautifully written with paragraphs crying to be painted on walls all over the planet.
Some thoughts to chew on:
The book paints a less than flattering picture of humanity. Basically, imagine a sci-fi scenario in which the protagonists are locked in a closed space with some horrendous creature that hunts them for sport, food or just to eliminate them out of sheer spite. Now, on Earth that horrendous creature is us, and every other living being is the poor slob confined with us.
Humanity, as we all know now, is an awful companion to other creatures, as from the time we had the means (brain, tools, fire, ect.) we raced to fulfil all our fleeting instinct and need, all else be damned. In doing so our ancestors eradicated much of the megafauna and large animals and we, the descendants, do everything in our power to up the old fools one by systematically eradicating the remnants of a once diverse biosphere. It is not to say we do this because we are rotten or evil, for the most part of our history we were unaware of the destruction we were causing, and now that we know it might be late as other considerations come before the diversity of the biosphere.
Our entire modern civilization is built on growth alone and the gears of capital are hard to stop in the protection of some plant or mice. Also, our gross overpopulation marched us into a bottleneck, where the population of Earth is rising fast and in order to feed the masses, we need every bit of land we can grab. When given the choice whether we should feed a starving child or save some obscure plant or insect not many people would go for the later. On the bright side, the flattening out of the number of the humans are in sight, in the century, with no major trend change, we most probably see the highest number of inhabitants for some time at least.
The author argues, rightly so I think, that even with these considerations the biosphere is worth sparing for several reasons. First, we do not understand the consequences of our actions, it is a very real possibility that they come back to haunt or even kill us down the road. Imagine killing of parts of the ecosystem which turns out indispensable to agriculture or human life, even small parts of it is so complex that technology won’t be able to save us. So it is in our best interest to try to save this planet of ours. There is the moral, or ethical argument, which goes something like every living thing is unique, keeping this uniqueness is worth the fight in itself. Even more so, as life on Earth originates from the same source, therefore on a level every living thing is a distant relative of us. Furthermore, we owe it to our descendants to save the diversity of life, so not only us can enjoy the singing of different birds or the sight of some magnificent animals or the joy of understanding the workings of some microbes. He supports his standpoint with one more proof. The heaps of unknown species conceal in themselves possibly tons of new medicines, food sources and other innovations, by killing them off they take their secrets into their graves, it is a misdeed or borderline crime to let this happen. He follows it up by flashing light on another important aspect of the whole case, saving the majority of life wouldn’t even be a that costly thing to do, and the lot of it could be offset by creating a new, sustainable way of handling our forests, waters and general living spaces. So basically, we have the means, we have the case, only the will is lacking, we should (and by we I absolutely mean myself too) do it for ourselves, the biosphere and the future of life on Earth.
The book as you probably can tell left a rather good impression on me. On one hand, the arguments are sufficiently supported, the chapters logically built and the author trustworthy source of most of what he writes about, being at the forefront of conservationist movement. On the other hand, the book is beautifully written with paragraphs crying to be painted on walls all over the planet.
Some thoughts to chew on:
If Earth’s ability to support our growth is finite – and it is – we were mostly too busy to notice.
Reduced reproduction by female choice can be thought a fortunate, indeed almost miraculous, gift of human nature to future generations. […] They opted for a smaller number of quality children, who can be raised with better health and education, over a larger family. They simultaneously chose better, more secure lives for themselves.
As the populations continue to explode and water and arable land grow scarcer, the industrial countries will feel pressure in the form of many more desperate immigrants and the risk of spreading international terrorism.
The natural environment we treat with such unnecessary ignorance and recklessness was our cradle and nursery, our school, and remains our one and only home. To its special conditions, we are intimately adapted in every one of the bodily fibres and biochemical transactions that gives us life.
But combine them we must, because a universal environmental ethic is the only guide by which humanity and the rest of life can be safely conducted through the bottleneck into which our species has foolishly blundered.
- The noble savage never existed.
- Eden occupied was a slaughterhouse.
- Paradise found is paradise lost.
Humanity has so far played the role of planetary killer, concerned only with its own short-term survival. We have cut much of the heart out of biodiversity.
Being distracted and self-absorbed, as is our nature, we have not yet fully understood what we are doing. But future generations, with endless time to reflect, will understand it all, and in painful detail. As awareness grows, so will their sense of loss. There will be thousands of ivory-billed woodpeckers to think about in the centuries and millennia to come.
Each species, when examined closely, offers an endless bounty of knowledge and aesthetic pleasure. It is a living library.
Because all organisms have descended from a common ancestor, it is correct to say that the biosphere as a whole began to think when humanity was born. If the rest of life is the body, we are the mind. Thus, our place in nature, viewed from an ethical perspective, is to think about the creation and to protect the living planet.
We need nature, and particularly its wilderness strongholds. It is the alien world that gave rise to our species and the home to which we can safely return. It offers choices our spirit was designed to enjoy.
May 7, 2025
Dear Edward O. Wilson,
I am a upperclassman in high school and had to read a book involving the environmental science.
I decided to read this book, "The Future of Life," by Edward O. Wilson, due to the fact that there was a Golden Panama Frog on the cover. (A fun fact about me, I LOVE FROGS) I was hooked before I even read a page, and the title was interesting too, so that was a plus.
Once I started reading the prologue I wanted to fall asleep. It's been a few months since I've read it but somewhere in the prologue he asks at some point if he can call someone by their "Christian name," okay?? I get that you're a very famous and successful scientist, all power to you, but was this necessary to the overarching plot?
Chapter one had ZERO mentions of any frogs, and instead told me about how many bugs are on me 24/7. I didn't want to know that, I was a much happier person not knowing that.
The pacing in this book is AWFUL, there are so many characters and places, it's hard to keep track. You give a character the spotlight for around three to four pages then never mention them again. Maybe pick a few characters and focus on them and their character growth.
A perfect example of this is when you talked about how "frogs are natures canary in the mine," then go on to show the reader their character growth (mutations due to pollution).
Another issue I have with this book is that there is ZERO romance. You talk about the Rosey Wolf Snails aka the Cannibal Snail, and that is IT. Where is the PASSION?! Where is the EMOTION (other than the feeling of impending doom for our planet)?
My final, biggest, suggestion is the fact that I PHYSICALLY could not stay awake reading the paperback version of the book. Who needs Benadryl when you have "the Future of Life"? I needed to get the 7 day free-trial of Audible in order to digest this story.
I hope you take my comments into thought when you write in the future (more in-depth characters, more romance, and more frogs).
Thank you,
Unusual
I am a upperclassman in high school and had to read a book involving the environmental science.
I decided to read this book, "The Future of Life," by Edward O. Wilson, due to the fact that there was a Golden Panama Frog on the cover. (A fun fact about me, I LOVE FROGS) I was hooked before I even read a page, and the title was interesting too, so that was a plus.
Once I started reading the prologue I wanted to fall asleep. It's been a few months since I've read it but somewhere in the prologue he asks at some point if he can call someone by their "Christian name," okay?? I get that you're a very famous and successful scientist, all power to you, but was this necessary to the overarching plot?
Chapter one had ZERO mentions of any frogs, and instead told me about how many bugs are on me 24/7. I didn't want to know that, I was a much happier person not knowing that.
The pacing in this book is AWFUL, there are so many characters and places, it's hard to keep track. You give a character the spotlight for around three to four pages then never mention them again. Maybe pick a few characters and focus on them and their character growth.
A perfect example of this is when you talked about how "frogs are natures canary in the mine," then go on to show the reader their character growth (mutations due to pollution).
Another issue I have with this book is that there is ZERO romance. You talk about the Rosey Wolf Snails aka the Cannibal Snail, and that is IT. Where is the PASSION?! Where is the EMOTION (other than the feeling of impending doom for our planet)?
My final, biggest, suggestion is the fact that I PHYSICALLY could not stay awake reading the paperback version of the book. Who needs Benadryl when you have "the Future of Life"? I needed to get the 7 day free-trial of Audible in order to digest this story.
I hope you take my comments into thought when you write in the future (more in-depth characters, more romance, and more frogs).
Thank you,
Unusual
Read
October 22, 2012One cannot mistake Wilson almost evangelical zeal for the preservation of species. And I have no disagreements with his general motives, although it doesn't always make great reading. It is a little bit like sitting in on a sermon that trudge through the same point on and on again with slightly different angles. Wilson explains the situation well and he is also doing a good job to explain the basics of the taxonomical side of biology. Although, somehow, I don't get so very interested in it. Maybe there are biological explanations for that. We seem to be interested in the more spectacular animals rather than the small ones. I have some problems with evolutionary psychology over all and it sounds very feasible when Wilson explains our preferences for the savanna and how we have phobias for animals that our ancestors had around them for thousands/millions of years. Yet, still I don't get quite convinced. My main problem with it is that it feels little like cherry picking. But maybe I should simply give it up and say that, yes, why wouldn't some of our preferencess be innate and a product of evolutionary development. But, all human treats? And how does one know the difference?
But that is not what the book is mainly about and the main point is certainly important and I might even start to contribute a little to the groups for general diversity, yet when there are so many humans suffering? It is a difficult question, because as Wilson points out, the world will not be a better place if the creation gets completely impoverished with species. But after reading "The Hungry Tide" by Amitav Ghosh, the question of preservation gets a completely different slant - there the preservation of the tiger is in opposition to the livelihood of the poor. And I think one would need a whole lot of creative thinking in order to find a solution to that.
But that is not what the book is mainly about and the main point is certainly important and I might even start to contribute a little to the groups for general diversity, yet when there are so many humans suffering? It is a difficult question, because as Wilson points out, the world will not be a better place if the creation gets completely impoverished with species. But after reading "The Hungry Tide" by Amitav Ghosh, the question of preservation gets a completely different slant - there the preservation of the tiger is in opposition to the livelihood of the poor. And I think one would need a whole lot of creative thinking in order to find a solution to that.
August 6, 2008
The book opens with a letter to Thoreau, describing the current condition of the natural world through the lense of contemporary science, and from a conservationist's perspective. He warns of the dangerous path we are heading down if we maintain current levels of use of our resources with the expanding weath of developing countries, issues of poverty and above all, the damage to the biosphere that we have caused and will cause unless we make consciously moral choices to mold our use of the planet to a sustainable levels. He makes the point that we must get beyond the rhetoric and the stereotyping and name calling between the "sides" of the debate and make effective solutions, because people really believe and want the same things, both the sacred right to own land and the desire to live in a world with a diversity of live and resources. Though it expounds the conservationist perspective, the book deals with both sides of the issues and offers positive solutions that address real issues of poverty, diminishing resources, and offers ways that saving the environment can be profitable; highlighting the successes of many non-governmental programs, donations of wealthy individuals, and instances where hot spots such as coral reefs and tropical forests have been set aside as preserves while generating profit for the people surrounding it through ecotourism, eco-credits, etc. The book is both scientific and heartfelt, and reminds us of the stewardship we have to protect the only world we have, remembering that it belongs not to us, but to our children.
September 18, 2010
The focus of the book was on the preciousness of biodiversity and how to preserve it for the future. I LOVED the intro - a letter to Thoreau at Walden Pond. The book itself, while on a subject near and dear to my heart was a lot of detailed information about a subject of which I'm pretty well informed, so I found myself scanning most of it. I was most interested in the 'solutions' chapter at the end, but found it less than satisfying. The gist of his suggestions seemed to center on NGOs (non-government organizations) such as Conservation International and the Nature Conservancy, who are buying up land in 'hot-spots' around the land and working with the local governments to find ways to generate income from parks through eco-tourism as well as the search for raw materials for future commerce in plants and animals. While I commend this work and DO think it's important, I think we need more ways to communicate with those who don't understand the importance of this in ways that everyone can agree and support. I'd also like to see more about HOW to use this idea to help to transform some of the poverty in the developing world that gives rise to the over-use in the first place. The book was almost 10 years old, so I'm curious about the future of some of the efforts mentioned.
May 27, 2010
I can't decide if Wilson's solution to the future of biological life on our planet is optimistic in a functional or naive way. This was recommended reading by Margaret Atwood after reading Oryx and Crake, and I like the idea of having a solution instead of allowing society to deteriorate into genetically-modified fueled social collapse, and encouraging biodiversity and the protection of our remaining resources, but until there is a direct link between funding to do these things and a benefit to the people who otherwise benefit financially from the use of these resources, I really don't see it happening. I do agree that the issues surrounding environment/planet need to be separated from heavily partisan politics and religion if things are ever going to be changed in a legislated, international way. Thought provoking and timely, but possibly too hopeful. :)
November 10, 2011
EO Wilson has an excellent grasp of the broad diversity of organisms that inhabit this planet. He also clearly understands the extent to which we have decimated these populations. This book is an excellent review of the biosphere, the extent of damage we have inflicted, the reasons why we should save it, and a very cost-effective solution to do so. This book is chock full of examples of the benefits that these organisms have provided to humanity, from cancer remedies to the air we breathe. I really appreciate how he avoids bashing those that damage our environment and those that don't understand what we have done. Instead, he takes a more objective approach, while illuminating the glorious beauty of the natural world. This is neither a complex, nor detailed book, just a great overview and a pleasant read.
September 3, 2019
A prescription offering hope
Famed biologist and godfather of sociobiology (and its current prodigy, evolutionary psychology), esteemed Harvard professor and one of the great scientists of our time, Edward O. Wilson outlines in this engaging but somewhat reserved book what is happening to the planet's biodiversity and what can be done about it.
The Prologue is a "letter" to Henry David Thoreau as Wilson seeks to establish a conservationist continuity between the author of Walden and ourselves. The open letter is somewhat self-conscious and artificial, but certainly appropriate for a work that celebrates nature and hopes to be a modest instrument in helping to preserve the natural world.
The first chapter is a survey of the life forms that live in "the biospheric membrane that covers Earth" (p. 21) with an emphasis on extreme climes including Antarctica's Lake Vostok (under two miles of ice) and the Mariana Trench (deepest part of the ocean at 35,750 feet below sea level). Chapter Two makes the assertion that the planet is currently going through a dangerous "bottleneck" characterized by disappearing habitats and extinction of species the likes of which have not been seen since the dinosaurs disappeared 65 million years ago. The culprit is of course us, represented by our short-sighted exploitation of non-renewable resources. Here Wilson begins his theme, to find a "universal environmental ethic" that will lead us "through the bottleneck into which our species has foolishly blundered." (p. 41)
In the next chapter, "Nature's Last Stand," Wilson delineates just how bad things really are as he surveys the rampant deforestation and other ecological obscenities currently taking place in the world. (Incidentally, those of you interested in a readable and painstakingly detailed account of what we are doing to mother earth, full of facts and figures, see Stuart L. Pimm's The World According to Pimm: A Scientist Audits the Earth, 2001.) Wilson continues with an estimate of how much the biomass is worth in dollars and cents ($33-trillion per year, which I think is similar to Pimm's figure). He makes the important point (which cannot in my opinion be repeated often enough) that the "cost" of doing business ought to include the damage or loss of "the free services of the natural economy" currently not figured into bottom line accounting. Thus the cost of extracting coal from the ground ought to include the value of the land torn up; the cost of wood from a tree ought to include the cost of watershed lost, etc. If the real costs of using the land, the rivers and the oceans, and the air were factored in--which some day they will be, whether we like it or not--some commodities would be seen as too expensive to harvest willy-nilly, and we might very well choose more environmentally agreeable alternatives.
In the final chapter Wilson gives "The Solution" which relies heavily upon the work of non-governmental environmental organizations that are attempting to use economic power to save the rain forests and other endangered "hotspots" throughout the world. Their technique includes outbidding the loggers for the rights to the forests, raising the standard of living of those who live in these endangered areas, and getting governments to see the value of their unspoiled lands.
Obviously Wilson is preaching to the choir here since myself and most others who will read this book will already be true believers in saving biodiversity. Perhaps the value of the book is in further educating us in the ways this might be done. Wilson is hopeful that we will wake up before it is too late. Indeed every minute counts because once the environment is gone it is gone forever to be replaced by God knows what. Wilson emphasizes not only the unknown value of all the plants, animals and microbes that are going extinct but the moral correctness of saving them. It is here that one notices a change in tone from the Edward O. Wilson of years ago. He is now so intent on saving what biodiversity is left that he is seeking to engage religion in the task!
This is Wilson somewhat mellowed at age seventy, seeking conciliation with former disputants for the greater good of planetary life. This is the entomologist as statesman.
The reason Wilson surprisingly points to the morality of saving wildlife as the key inducement is that we are robbing the world of our children and our grandchildren for our leisure and luxury today. It is a significant moral issue because we are putting what will be a terrible cost onto them, and they haven't a say in it at all!
I want to add that the danger inherent in the rampant devastation of the biosphere, whether through the direct destruction of ecologies or through pollution, is beyond our ability to foresee. The spectre of a runaway greenhouse effect is just that, a phenomenon that may be upon us before we realize it, leaving us with no ability to stop it. Think of Venus and a surface temperature that melts lead. There is nothing in our present understanding of the biosphere that I know of that rules out that possibility. We are not only stupidly playing with fire, we are playing Russian roulette with ourselves and we are holding the gun to the head of our children. Wilson's book is an attempt to guide us away from such utter folly. I just hope that those people in the Bush administration and at the Wall Street Journal and the Economist and elsewhere who think that our resources will take care of themselves read this wise and penetrating critique and assume personal moral responsibility for their actions and utterances.
--Dennis Littrell, author of “The World Is Not as We Think It Is”
Famed biologist and godfather of sociobiology (and its current prodigy, evolutionary psychology), esteemed Harvard professor and one of the great scientists of our time, Edward O. Wilson outlines in this engaging but somewhat reserved book what is happening to the planet's biodiversity and what can be done about it.
The Prologue is a "letter" to Henry David Thoreau as Wilson seeks to establish a conservationist continuity between the author of Walden and ourselves. The open letter is somewhat self-conscious and artificial, but certainly appropriate for a work that celebrates nature and hopes to be a modest instrument in helping to preserve the natural world.
The first chapter is a survey of the life forms that live in "the biospheric membrane that covers Earth" (p. 21) with an emphasis on extreme climes including Antarctica's Lake Vostok (under two miles of ice) and the Mariana Trench (deepest part of the ocean at 35,750 feet below sea level). Chapter Two makes the assertion that the planet is currently going through a dangerous "bottleneck" characterized by disappearing habitats and extinction of species the likes of which have not been seen since the dinosaurs disappeared 65 million years ago. The culprit is of course us, represented by our short-sighted exploitation of non-renewable resources. Here Wilson begins his theme, to find a "universal environmental ethic" that will lead us "through the bottleneck into which our species has foolishly blundered." (p. 41)
In the next chapter, "Nature's Last Stand," Wilson delineates just how bad things really are as he surveys the rampant deforestation and other ecological obscenities currently taking place in the world. (Incidentally, those of you interested in a readable and painstakingly detailed account of what we are doing to mother earth, full of facts and figures, see Stuart L. Pimm's The World According to Pimm: A Scientist Audits the Earth, 2001.) Wilson continues with an estimate of how much the biomass is worth in dollars and cents ($33-trillion per year, which I think is similar to Pimm's figure). He makes the important point (which cannot in my opinion be repeated often enough) that the "cost" of doing business ought to include the damage or loss of "the free services of the natural economy" currently not figured into bottom line accounting. Thus the cost of extracting coal from the ground ought to include the value of the land torn up; the cost of wood from a tree ought to include the cost of watershed lost, etc. If the real costs of using the land, the rivers and the oceans, and the air were factored in--which some day they will be, whether we like it or not--some commodities would be seen as too expensive to harvest willy-nilly, and we might very well choose more environmentally agreeable alternatives.
In the final chapter Wilson gives "The Solution" which relies heavily upon the work of non-governmental environmental organizations that are attempting to use economic power to save the rain forests and other endangered "hotspots" throughout the world. Their technique includes outbidding the loggers for the rights to the forests, raising the standard of living of those who live in these endangered areas, and getting governments to see the value of their unspoiled lands.
Obviously Wilson is preaching to the choir here since myself and most others who will read this book will already be true believers in saving biodiversity. Perhaps the value of the book is in further educating us in the ways this might be done. Wilson is hopeful that we will wake up before it is too late. Indeed every minute counts because once the environment is gone it is gone forever to be replaced by God knows what. Wilson emphasizes not only the unknown value of all the plants, animals and microbes that are going extinct but the moral correctness of saving them. It is here that one notices a change in tone from the Edward O. Wilson of years ago. He is now so intent on saving what biodiversity is left that he is seeking to engage religion in the task!
This is Wilson somewhat mellowed at age seventy, seeking conciliation with former disputants for the greater good of planetary life. This is the entomologist as statesman.
The reason Wilson surprisingly points to the morality of saving wildlife as the key inducement is that we are robbing the world of our children and our grandchildren for our leisure and luxury today. It is a significant moral issue because we are putting what will be a terrible cost onto them, and they haven't a say in it at all!
I want to add that the danger inherent in the rampant devastation of the biosphere, whether through the direct destruction of ecologies or through pollution, is beyond our ability to foresee. The spectre of a runaway greenhouse effect is just that, a phenomenon that may be upon us before we realize it, leaving us with no ability to stop it. Think of Venus and a surface temperature that melts lead. There is nothing in our present understanding of the biosphere that I know of that rules out that possibility. We are not only stupidly playing with fire, we are playing Russian roulette with ourselves and we are holding the gun to the head of our children. Wilson's book is an attempt to guide us away from such utter folly. I just hope that those people in the Bush administration and at the Wall Street Journal and the Economist and elsewhere who think that our resources will take care of themselves read this wise and penetrating critique and assume personal moral responsibility for their actions and utterances.
--Dennis Littrell, author of “The World Is Not as We Think It Is”
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