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Expressly Human: Decoding the Language of Emotion Paperback – July 26, 2022
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But what if this is backwards? What if those emotional overtones are the main messages we’re sending to one another, and all that logical language is just window dressing?
Over billions of years of evolution, animals have become increasingly sophisticated and increasingly sentient. In the process, they evolved emotions, which helped improve their odds of survival in complex situations.
These emotions were, at first, purely internal. But at some point, social animals began expressing their emotions, in increasingly dramatic ways. These emotional expressions could accurately reflect internal emotions (smiling to express happiness)—or they could be quite different (smiling to cover up that you’re actually furious, but can’t tell your boss that).
Why did once-stone-faced animals evolve to be so emotionally expressive—to be us?
The answer, as evolutionary neurobiologist Mark Changizi and mathematician Tim Barber reveal, is that emotional expressions are our first and most important language—one that allows us, as social animals, to engage in highly sophisticated communications and negotiations.
Expressly Human introduces an original theory that explains, from first principles, how the broad range of emotional expressions evolved, and provides a Rosetta Stone for human communication. It will revolutionize the way you see every social interaction, from deciding who gets the last slice of pizza to multimillion-dollar business negotiations, and change your definition of what makes us human.
- Print length248 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherBenBella Books
- Publication dateJuly 26, 2022
- Dimensions6 x 0.8 x 9 inches
- ISBN-101637740484
- ISBN-13978-1637740484
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Editorial Reviews
Review
—Dr. Ben Goertzel, Chief Science Advisor of Hanson Robotics and leader of the software team behind the Sophia robot
""Just as the periodic table helped turn alchemy into chemistry, this work on emotional expressions points the way to a more systematic and scientific understanding of the human mind.""
—Nick Cassimatis, former head of Samsung North American AI Research and professor of cognitive and computer science at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
""Arguably, this book is the first attempt to systematically analyze human emotional expressions (the ‘first language' in human evolution) in the context of exchange and negotiation . . . It's catchy, eye-opening, amusing, and profound reading.""
—Shinsuke Shimojo, professor of experimental psychology at Caltech
""A deep examination of the power of emotional expressions.""
—Naomi Wolf, American feminist and author of The Beauty Myth
""Expressly Human is an insightful journey into the primal language that drives human interactions: our emotional expressions . . . The authors combine their collective intelligence to open your mind to show you an intriguing perspective on how this primal language is the fundamental signaling network that drives how we socially interact with each other.""
—Michael Mantz, board certified psychiatrist at Santa Barbara Integrative Psychiatry"
About the Author
He attended the Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, and then went on to the University of Virginia for a degree in physics and mathematics, and to the University of Maryland for a PhD in math. In 2002, he won a prestigious Sloan-Swartz Fellowship in Theoretical Neurobiology at Caltech, and in 2007, he became an assistant professor in the Department of Cognitive Science at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. In 2010, he took the post of Director of Human Cognition at a new research institute called 2ai Labs.
He has more than 30 scientific journal articles, some of which have been covered in news venues such as The New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Newsweek, and Wired. He has written three books, The Brain From 25,000 Feet (Kluwer 2003), The Vision Revolution (BenBella 2009), and Harnessed(BenBella 2011).
Tim Barber earned his PhD from Princeton in mathematics and has had a long interest in diagnosing the algorithms that underlie the uniquely human capacity for reasoning. He is a serial entrepreneur with highly successful companies such as Kount and ClickBank.
Product details
- Publisher : BenBella Books
- Publication date : July 26, 2022
- Language : English
- Print length : 248 pages
- ISBN-10 : 1637740484
- ISBN-13 : 978-1637740484
- Item Weight : 10.4 ounces
- Dimensions : 6 x 0.8 x 9 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #1,757,222 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #1,444 in Emotional Mental Health
- #2,286 in Biology (Books)
- #2,510 in History & Philosophy of Science (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

MARK CHANGIZI is a theorist aiming to grasp the ultimate foundations underlying why we think, feel and see as we do. His research focuses on "why" questions, and he has made important discoveries such as on why we see in color, why we see illusions, why we have forward-facing eyes, why the brain is structured as it is, why animals have as many limbs and fingers as they do, why the dictionary is organized as it is, why fingers get pruney when wet, where emotional expressions came from, and how we acquired writing, language and music.
He attended the Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, and then went on to the University of Virginia for a degree in physics and mathematics, and to the University of Maryland for a PhD in math. In 2002 he won a prestigious Sloan-Swartz Fellowship in Theoretical Neurobiology at Caltech, and in 2007 he became an assistant professor in the Department of Cognitive Science at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. In 2010 he took the post of Director of Human Cognition at a new research institute called 2ai Labs, and also co-founded VINO Optics which builds proprietary vein-enhancing glasses for medical personnel. He consults out of his Human Factory Lab.
He has more than three dozen scientific journal articles, covered in thousands of newspaper and magazine articles. He regularly keynotes at both scientific events and at art galleries and museums, and has appeared on many television shows, including regular appearances on Discovery Channel's Head Games and National Geographic's Brain Games. TED has featured him in three areas of his research, namely illusions, color vision, and pruney fingers. He curated an exhibition and co-authored a (fourth) book — ON THE ORIGIN OF ART (2016), by Steven Pinker, Geoffrey Miller, Brian Boyd & Mark Changizi — at MONA museum in Tasmania in 2016 illustrating his “nature-harnessing” theory on the origins of art and language.
He has written four other books on his research, THE BRAIN FROM 25,000 FEET (2003), THE VISION rEVOLUTION (2009), HARNESSED: How Language and Music Mimicked Nature and Transformed Ape to Man (2011), and EXPRESSLY HUMAN: Decoding the Language of Emotion (2022). He has also written a novel, called HUMAN 3.0, about what's next, after humans, extending his nature-harnessing principles into the future, available only at http://changizi.com
Subscribe to his SCIENCE MOMENT video series at YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/markchangizi/
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- Reviewed in the United States on August 15, 2022Format: PaperbackI have been a fan of Changizi's for quite a while--especially love his views during the pandemic. He makes a compelling case for why communication has been and will continue to be non-verbal. I especially like he and Barber's references to how drivers on the road communicate without hearing one another verbally. The only criticism I have about the book is that some parts of it are a bit too academic/sciencey for me (and I read a lot of journals!). Thank you Netgalley for providing an advance reader copy.
- Reviewed in the United States on December 28, 2024Format: KindleVerified PurchaseThe book sets out what appears to be an insightful and original analysis of the emotional signalling that underpins all social interactions involving some form of negotiation or resolution of a difference of view. The book asserts repeatedly that the emotional signalling used by humans evolved in our social animal ancestors far earlier than the evolution of language, that it is shared with all social animals and can be conducted without language. However, frustratingly, the book offers no discussion or examples of how this asserted negotiation through emotional signalling takes place amongst social animals other than humans. Indeed, even the (hypothetical) examples the book gives of negotiation amongst humans almost all involve some use of language. Thus, the book's assertion that social animals, including pre-language hominins, evolved emotional signalling in order to negotiate resolutions of conflicts in a way beneficial to the survival and propagation of the species is a very plausible hypothesis, but is not demonstrated or illustrated by the book itself, even though support for it may well be available from primatological and evolutionary research.
- Reviewed in the United States on April 6, 2023Format: Paperbackclear minded thinking from a top scientist and innovator.... find all of his work deeply thought provoking and fascinating.
Top reviews from other countries
- C HubbardReviewed in Australia on February 21, 2023
3.0 out of 5 stars Cheap paper.
Format: PaperbackVerified PurchaseCome on guys , books should be keepers and printed on higher quality paper. This book has been printed on paper that is fragile, most like cheep blotting paper.
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