There are seven essays that comprise The Little Virtues.
Winter in the Abruzzi - Beautifully written and poignant. It is a memoir of her time in Abruzzi with her family before her husband is taken back to Rome and tortured there.
Worn Out Shoes - The worn out shoes represent her freedom in the city. Life is hard, but she is unencumbered with responsibility for anything but herself, and when she returns to her children, she says she must put on good, solid shoes. She prefers her worn shoes, but she wonders what kind her children will wear: “Will they decide to give up everything that is pleasant but not necessary, or will they affirm that everything is necessary and that men have the right to wear sound, solid shoes on their feet?”
Portrait of a Friend - The friend is a poet who roams the city and sees much that the others cannot see, but also fails to find a place in the routine simplicity of life, until he cannot carry the burden of life at all. This tribute is both a mourning, and perhaps a kind of warning against the dangers of being too individual and apart.
The Next two England: Eulogy and Lament and La Maison Volpe are a kind of mourning for home. She is a little rough on the English, but I think she is missing home, the excitement and impetuosity of the Italians, and England seems so staid and proper and predetermined.
He and I - I loved this essay. It paints an exact picture of her husband, loving and debonair, intelligent and overly self-important, superior, and exasperating. They are opposites in so many ways, and yet I could feel in the writing that she loves and admires him. There is the under-current of how a woman, in this time, has to navigate the world in a man’s shadow. There is also the tinge of sorrow or loss that always seems to permeate her writing. He is her second husband, and I could not help wondering how often memories of the first intrude.
The Son of Man - She talks about the loss of peace and security that began for them even before the war, with the arrival of the fascist regime, her war experience, and the fear and uncertainty that it engenders.
“Those of us who have been fugitives will never be at peace. A ring at the door-bell in the middle of the night can only mean the word ‘police’ to us.”
“Once the experience of evil has been endured it is never forgotten”
“But the certainties of the past have been snatched from us, and faith has never after all been a place for sleeping in.”
My Vocation - How wonderful it must be to be so sure of what one is born to do; to feel so competent at it and to never wonder if you are doing it well or if it is worth doing at all. But, she describes in detail the difficulty, particularly the emotional difficulty, in having this vocation choose you and how inescapable it is if it does. I marked a dozen quotes from this one. I love writers on writing.
Silence - “A man has no choice but to accept his face as he has no choice but to accept his destiny: and the only choice he is permitted is the choice between good and evil, between justice and injustice, between truth and lies. The things they tell those of us who go to be psychoanalysed are of no use to us because they do not take our moral responsibility—which is the only choice permitted us in life—into account; those of us who have been psychoanalysed know only too well how rarefied, unnatural and finally unbreathable is that atmosphere of ephemeral freedom in which we live just as we wish.”
She lived through Fascism and saw a world that was silenced. She says “Silence is a mortal illness” and that she knows how many it has killed, some by their own hand.
Human Relationships - She manages to go the distance from early childhood to adult disappointment in this essay–an amazing feat. She begins with being small and not understanding, being adolescent and understanding but not comprehending, to being independent and sure of oneself, and finally to being adult and knowing the cruelty of the world that is only viewed from afar in the other stages. Having experienced the horrors of fascist Italy and having been exiled herself with her family, she has a unique perspective on the attempt to love one’s neighbor, the fears that accompany motherhood and the responsibility for the life of a child, and the trials of sinking from comfort to poverty.
Human relationships have to be rediscovered and reinvented every day. We have to remember constantly that every kind of meeting with our neighbour is a human action and so it is always evil or good, true or deceitful, a kindness or a sin.
The Little Virtues - Perhaps her finest essay, and the one from which she takes the title of her book. The little virtues are thrift, caution, shrewdness, tact, and desire for success. She says they are the ones we teach our children, and that it is an error. The little virtues are defensive and she believes they lead to “cynicism or to a fear of life.” She does not think the little virtues are wrong or contemptible, she just thinks they are secondary to the Great Virtues, the ones we should be teaching. The Great Virtues are generosity and an indifference to money, courage and a contempt for danger, frankness and a love of truth, love for one’s neighbor and self-denial, and a desire to be and to know. Her thoughts on money, its purpose in our lives, and success and how we define it, are particularly good. I think we could raise better children using her concepts.
Just a terrific and meaningful set of thoughts from a woman I think it would have been a privilege to have known.