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Wonder Beyond Belief: On Christianity

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What happens when one of Germany's most important writers, himself a Muslim, immerses himself in the world of Christian art? In this book, Navid Kermani is awestruck by a religion full of sacrifice and lamentation, love and wonder, the irrational and the unfathomable, the deeply human and the divine - a Christianity that today's Christians rarely speak of so earnestly, boldly and enthusiastically.

With the open-minded curiosity of a non-believer - or rather a believer in another faith - Kermani engages with Christian art in its great richness and diversity. The result is an enchanting reflection which reinvests in Christianity both its spectacular beauty and its terror. Kermani struggles with the cross, falls in love at the sight of Mary, experiences the Orthodox Mass and appreciates the greatness of St Francis. He teaches us to see the questions of our present-day lives in the pictures of old masters such as Botticelli, Caravaggio and Rembrandt - not with lectures on art history or theology, but with an intelligent eye for the essential details and the underlying relations to seemingly remote worlds, to literature and to mystical Islam.

Kermani's poetic school of seeing draws us in as we are carried along by his unique perspective on Christianity, rekindling our interest in great art at the same time. We are captivated by his unique and brilliant Islamic reading of the West.

272 pages, ebook

First published August 28, 2015

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About the author

Navid Kermani

59 books120 followers
Navid Kermani, born 1967, lives as an Islamic scholar, journalist and writer in Cologne.

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Displaying 1 - 21 of 21 reviews
Profile Image for Roger Brunyate.
946 reviews678 followers
May 6, 2018
 
Catholicism from an Islamic Perspective


Maria Advocata (late classical period, detail)

A book radiant with truth and beauty. Written by a Muslim scholar with deep humanity and an enquiring mind, it essentially asks the question “What is this Christianity that reveals itself in such extraordinary works of art?” It also strikes a special chord with me, as both a former professor of art history and a former Christian. I have moved on from both practices, but still retain an intense curiosity and a certain respect. Perhaps it is an advantage that, like the author, I come to the subject at some distance, since it it not so much Christianity he is writing about as, specifically, Catholicism. This is very different from my Protestant upbringing, yet strangely fascinating as a nexus of doctrine, repository of ritual, and inspiration for some of the greatest art. And at its center, there is the Virgin Mary:
As my friend withdrew to say a rosary, I had some time with the Virgin. But why do I call her Virgin if I don't believe in her as the Mother of God? One word: touched. God has touched her. That is both grace and torment; it raises up and strikes down; it is both a caress and the blow of a hammer. All is lost and God suffices.
The book began, Kermani says, as a series of articles for a Swiss newpaper about specific art works. That explains both the short length (around four pages) of most of the chapters and the seemingly random selection of examples. But there is nothing random in the author's consistent honesty of approach, that might even seem sacriligeous to some, simply recording what he sees in the figures as human beings, rather than as icons cloaked in the incense of sancity. Perhaps that is why the painter he most often comes back to (8 out of around 40 artworks) is Caravaggio (1571–1610), who, as he says…
…is interested only in people. Of all painters, he has the keenest eye for what the appearance of the Celestial means to terrestrials: it blows them apart. Caravaggio's pictures show, not revelation, but many variations on the torment of those to whom it is revealed.

Caravaggio: The Incredulity of Thomas

Nor is there anything random about Kermani's organization. The book is in three hundred-page parts with about a dozen chapters in each. The first, "Mother and Son," deals with the life of Jesus, from birth through resurrection. The second, "Witness," is inspired by figures from the Bible or the Catholic hagiography: Cain, Job, Judith, Elizabeth, Peter, Jerome, Ursula, Bernard, Francis, and so on. Although the chapters in the third section, "Invocation," are also illustrated by artworks, they deal with more abstract concepts, such as Vocation, Prayer, Sacrifice, Tradition, Light, and Lust (yes; see below). The general movement from specific to concept is also mirrored in the shape of the three sections, each of which ends in two or three much longer chapters, in which Kermani seeks a harmony between Islamic teaching and his own evolving view of Christianity. These are some of the densest chapters in the book, but they also contain some of the greatest beauty. At the very end, for example, Kermani returns to Francis of Assisi ("who appeared the more saintly to me the less I believed in the hagiography"), marveling at a recent academic article showing that the one manuscript we have from his hand, the so-called Cartula, might actually have been written for Sultan al-Kamil of Egypt, and thus be the earliest document of friendship between Christianity and Islam.


Padre Paolo Dall'Oglio at Mar Musa*

The final figure in Kermani's list of holy figures in Part II, Paolo Dall'Oglio, is an Italian Jesuit priest who made it his mission to go to the deserted monastery of Mar Musa in Syria out of a love for Islam. He was kidnapped by ISIS in July 2013 while offering himself as a go-between, and is now presumed dead. Kermani's twenty-page chapter on him is virtually a recommendation for sainthood, in either religion; it is clear that Padre Paolo is the embodiment of much of his own philosophy, although in infinitely more courageous terms. The chapter contains one of the greatest tributes to Christianity of Padre Paolo's stripe than anything you could imagine:
If there is one thing I admire about Christianity—or perhaps I should say about those Christians whose faith not only convinced but conquered me, robbed me of all my reservations—if I were to take just one aspect, one attribute as an example, a guideline for myself, it would not be the beloved art, or the whole civilization, music and architecture included, or this or that rite, rich though they may be. It is the specifically Christian love, which is love not just for one's neighbour. Other religions are loving too, exhorting the faithful to compassion, indulgence, charity. But the love that I perceive in many Christians, and most often in those who have dedicated their lives to Jesus, the monks and nuns, exceeds what a person could achieve without God: their love makes no distinctions.
There is much, much more that I could add. Kermani's constant presence as a father, a husband, a human being. His embrace of the erotic, even in a religious painting. His observation of the frequent feminization of Jesus in Christian art, and how that rings a chord with Sufi beliefs in Islam. His sense of terror in the miraculous. His openness about aspects of Christianity that he personally finds distasteful, and yet the respect he feels for people that can embrace this "Wonder Beyond Belief":
I really don't believe in the Eucharist. If there is anything about it I would express without sounding disrespectful, it is awe and, intuitively, approval, affirmation at least, that other people actually see the body of Christ in a disc of bread and taste, bite, swallow, digest and excrete it, and not just symbolically.
Or this, on the prime Christian symbol, the Cross:
It is because of what it represents seriously that I reject the cross outright. Incidentally, I find the hypostasis of pain barbaric, somatophobic, ungrateful towards the Creation in which we rejoice.
And this reminds me to mention my great admiration for the the translator, Tony Crawford, who is not afraid to present the author's often startling comments, abstract ideas, and precise but occasionally difficult words, as though they were the most normal thing the man could utter in everyday conversation. Through him, Kermani simply talks. I can do no better than to end with a small gallery of artworks mentioned in the book—most of them beautifully illustrated (though in ink which unfortunately feels gritty under the fingers, the volume's only flaw)—and let Navid Kermani speak for himself, whether inspired or down-to-earth, worshipful or downright shocking.

======


Rembrandt: The Raising of Lazarus
There's no knowing whether Jesus' eyes and mouth are opened wide in dismay or in suspense, whether his hand is upraised in defence or in command. There's no knowing whether Mary's amazement is ecstatic or in panic, whether her hand is reaching towards the open tomb or repulsing her brother. There's no knowing whether Martha is really recoiling, silhouetted as she is in the lower left corner. There's no knowing what is going through the minds of the three men, at the back perhaps the Apostle Peter, as they stare at the reawakened Lazarus. There's no knowing whether Lazarus is laughing, however tiredly, or whether he is shouting, "No! I don't want to!'


Caravaggio: Judith and Holofernes
Still more insolent is Judith herself, though, her eyes, the taunting, just slightly disgusted look of sarcastic sympathy, with the wrinkled upper lip, as if she was as malicious as the lovers in Persian literature imagine their beloved to be, and the Sufis’ God: ‘He torments them with destruction after having created them’ […] such a rescuer as no nation would find fitting, least of all a people of God.


Botticelli: Annunciation*
Botticelli's Annunciation, for example, in which Gabriel comes creeping up like a lecher, whereupon the lily-white Mother of God turns her hips away in such a coy contrapposto as if she were posing for a lad mag.


Stefan Lochner: Madonna of the Rose Bower (detail)
In the most magnificent picture ever painted in Cologne, she reaches with her right hand for her son's wrist. Under the magnifying glass, you can see the gesture repeated in Mary's brooch: her right hand is on the raised right foreleg of the unicorn, which is equated with Christ. That, I read, was the official gesture of marriage and represented the Son and Mother as the Bride and Bridegroom of the Song of Solomon. To us, too, she is supposed to be our sister and friend and to a small degree our lover. The Father only later came near and spoke comfortingly to me.


Bernini: The Ecstasy of St Teresa*
Of course there is the Ecstasy of St Teresa, which is sexually more explicit, not only because Gian Lorenzo Bernini's representation of it is more explicitly sexual. […] How often I stood, during my Roman year, in front of the life-sized sculpture in Santa Maria della Vittoria, and each time I wanted to incorporate Bernini's ecstatic Teresa, moaning with lust, if not crying out loud, in my personal Christianity. It was an obvious inclusion, since I have been thinking for so long now about the beatitude, and searching for it myself I admit, in which pleasure and prayer, sex and God feel like one, and for the Islamic mystics indeed are one. It was probably that obviousness that deterred me every time.


Caravaggio: The Sacrifice of Isaac
He would have done it. For a long time I located what was monstrous, abhorrent, menacing about faith—about the faith in just one God—in the twenty-second chapter of Genesis, between the second and third verse. That's right: not in the second verse [God's command to Abraham], not in the third [Abraham's instant obedience], but in the abyss of heartlessness that gapes between the two. […] Between them: nothing. No hesitation, no question, no sorrow for the son, no pity for his wife, no regard at all for any earthly judgement. He would have done it without batting an eyelid.

*Asterisked images are mentioned, but not reproduced, in the book.
Profile Image for Siria.
1,998 reviews1,592 followers
December 19, 2020
I was intrigued by the concept of this collection of essays: a series of short, inter-linked meditations on various pieces of (mostly) medieval and Renaissance Christian artworks written by a devout Muslim. I'm not a believer, but as someone raised Catholic in a country in which most people are Christians, it's impossible for me to approach this art as an outsider in the way that Navid Kermani can.

Wonder Beyond Belief certainly challenged me in some respects—how to grapple with the ideas of someone who says that he loves and admires Christianity but who rejects ecumenical pablum (fair enough) and states flat-out that Trinitiarianism is a pagan concept and that Christianity is heresy? I'm an atheist who has profound issues with the hierarchy of the Catholic Church, and yet I found myself with knee-jerk emotional responses to some of what Kermani wrote—there's something for me to sit with there. I'm sure that Kermani is writing in part to induce such responses—in the acknowledgments he says that sometimes in discussing artworks he "intentionally preferred interpretations or views that are controversial (to say the least) in the pertinent academic fields" because he is "often more interested in believed truth, and in aesthetic truth, than in what is considered historically true". Fair enough—even if an approach that my historian self fundamentally can't enter into.

But for me, what turned out to be my biggest problem with this book, and something that Kermani doesn't seem to consider at all, is gender: how the fact that he's a guy shapes how he views art depicting female subjects. Is there a strong strain of eroticism in Catholic art? Undeniably! Do we have medieval and early modern accounts of responses to that art which mingle the sacred and the sexual in ways which make many modern readers uncomfortable? Sure! But to refer to a fairly innocuous depiction of St Ursula as showing a "gold-tressed, plump-cheeked, buttonnosed pouter", or to Mary holding her cloak as "pressing her fingers moreover on the point just above or at the edge of her pubes, depending how wide Mary’s pubes [...] are [...] a manifestation of the Devil perhaps, her body slightly turned, her feet in a sidestep, her hips slightly tipped, her genitals practically held out towards poor Bernard"? There's being irreverent about sacred cows and then there's just being weird about women. Throughout this book there's a distinct strain of the latter.
Profile Image for Roman Clodia.
2,612 reviews3,525 followers
December 1, 2017
I'm not religious but what drew me to this book was the idea of someone with faith, albeit non Christian, contemplating the religious art of mostly, though not exclusively, the European Renaissance.

Kermani is a wonderful companion in these short essays, each of which engages with a piece of art: Rembrandt's Lazarus; Botticelli's disturbingly eroticised Christ; Caravaggio's brutal Judith, for example.

Moving fluidly across times, cultures, geographies and religions, Kermani brings an almost spontaneous hyper-awareness to the art, illuminating it both visually and in terms of interpretation. His readings are sometimes surprisingly humorous (on the 'ugly' Christ Child, for instance) and yet always respectful, probing, insightful, and make us re-look at even familiar paintings with a different perspective.

As a self-confessed textual rather than visual person, I found this hugely instructive, enlightening and always interesting.


215 reviews
November 14, 2016
Navid Kermani gives a personal and intimate view into his experience of Christian art - full of tenderness, curiosity and a joyful eye for detail. His choice of works is personal instead of encyclopedic, giving the book the feeling of some evenings spent listening to a friend, rather than a dusty lecture. The fact that he is complementing his spacious knowledge with amazement and the fresh eye of an "outsider" - given the fact he is not Christian but Muslim - gives especially Christians the beautiful opportunity to rediscover their own faith anew.
Profile Image for Susu.
1,251 reviews18 followers
September 4, 2016
Ein Rundflug durch religiöse Kunst (viel Caravaggio) und Traditionen des Christentums - aus Sicht eines Muslims. Am Ende bleibt die größte aller Fragen: Wieso streitet man überhaupt um und unter den Religionen?
Profile Image for Frank.
488 reviews87 followers
July 10, 2019
Großartig. Hier habe ich begriffen, was wirklich "Toleranz" ist: Über die Leistungen des anderen staunen können! Und dabei ist es einfach intelligent beobachtet und überaus gut geschrieben. Sehr empfehlenswert!
Profile Image for Nina.
317 reviews
April 19, 2022
Navid Kermani's wit and intellect truly surpass me...... The way he manages to pull 4829 different strings together at the end of each chapter in the most lyrical and touching way? Not the mention that the 4829 strings in question concern casual debates about likeee the entire being of religion? 🤙Pure scholarly & literary craftsmanship. Minus one star for not making the book more accessible to uncultured pagans like me
Profile Image for Ben.
403 reviews39 followers
November 27, 2019
Supposing you were unaware of the painting's title [Christ Taking Leave of His Mother], and you did not recognize the two figures, and so you took the halo for the rays of the hidden sun, suggesting the shape of the cross as they frame Christ's head; supposing you saw just a man and a woman, both very young, the woman somewhat younger, but the man too no older than his early or at most his mid-twenties, their brows unfurrowed, their cheeks rosy, their lips velvety like those of children and at the same time sensuously full; no aging apparent except in the slight suggestion of concavity below their eyes -- what, then, would you think you were looking at? Although I was at an exhibition of El Greco, who had painted Jesus and Mary so often, and I had already read that this painting shows Christ taking leave of his mother, I thought I was looking at two lovers, or, to be more exact, at two people who love each other, and definitely not as mother and son. Their age is of course one factor in creating that impression: just past the threshold of adulthood, where painting, classical literature, and music too rightly situate great loves, for when we are younger we are too ignorant of what we are experiencing, and when we are older we are too quick to relativize it. But it is more than just their age: after all, the Mater Dolorosa is often portrayed as young, and sometimes younger than Christ. But, in El Greco's painting, her motherhood is absent altogether; her gaze is directed not in sorrow or care at her son but, with an expression of serenity, into the distance, or at nothing. It is the look, so lost to herself, of one who feels safe with her beloved. And indeed he is looking at her with both desire and devotion. He is less a redeemer than a man who has found his redemption in love; his gaze is both ardent and adoring; it shows an almost comical languishing such as you would imagine in a Romeo or an Abelard, although you need only recall your own great love at that age.
Profile Image for Christian.
84 reviews1 follower
December 6, 2015
Sehr gutes Sachbuch, das gar nicht dröge daherkommt. Die gelegentlichen Einschübe zum IS empfand ich teilweise als aufgesetzt.
Profile Image for Michael.
303 reviews12 followers
April 15, 2017
Dieses Buch ist erkenntnisreich und lehrt vieles über das Christentum, aber auch den Islam. Es ist gut geschrieben und dadurch nur ein weiterer Grund, ab und an nicht nur Romane und Erzählungen zu lesen, sondern zu Essays zu greifen. Das einzig bedauerliche von meiner Seite aus betrachtet ist Kermanis Fixierung auf Caravaggio, was aber keine Minderung der Gedankengänge bzw Ergebnisse der Themen bedeutet. Kermani ist vielleicht nicht der beste Romancier, aber ein geistreicher und großartiger Essayist.
Profile Image for Augustin Chartier.
33 reviews6 followers
December 26, 2017
Navid Kermani, auteur musulman s’intéresse à l’art chrétien ; drôle d’idée ! Que peut-il en dire lui qui ne croit pas que Jésus est mort et ressuscité ? Dans son ouvrage l’auteur ne cherche pas à détourner l’art chrétien, bien au contraire il nous le fait découvrir ou redécouvrir d’une manière toute nouvelle. Il nous relate de véritables expériences spirituelles devant ces œuvres. Mêlant ainsi son expérience personnelle de la foi dans sa propre religion et des expériences authentiques de vie spirituelle, on aimera ou on n’aimera pas !
Il nous livre ses doutes, ses incompréhensions, son admiration parfois pour une religion qu’il côtoie mais dont certains aspects lui échappent. Son approche est très intéressante car il lie thèmes, œuvres et analyses déployant parfois sur plusieurs œuvres un thème, il permet au lecteur de les voir sous un regard neuf. Que peut dire un musulman des humiliations vécues par Jésus ? De la beauté d’une croix ? Du don d’une vie pour le Christ ?

Ainsi même s’il est parfois déroutant, Navid Kermani permet à son lecteur de vraiment regarder l’art et le monde d’un œil différent qu’il serait en bien des aspects trop bêtes de rater, d’oublier et de passer à côté ! On est parfois offusqué par ses propos, parfois conforté dans sa foi…

A vous maintenant de vous faire votre opinion, personnellement j’ai beaucoup apprécié cette lecture.
Profile Image for Fabian Williges.
Author 13 books10 followers
December 20, 2019
Schade! Ich habe mit großen Erwartungen und den besten Absichten begonnen. Aber ich ertrage Kermanis Stil nicht. Natürlich ist er ein gebildeter Mensch; aber das weiß er auch. Mir behagt seine arrogante Art ganz und gar nicht, wie auch seine Koketterie mit dem Glauben/Unglauben/Andersglauben. Mit diesen Begriffen spielt er nach Belieben und klärt doch nicht auf über sich, obwohl im gesamten Buch eher Kermani als die abgebildeten Werke im Mittelpunkt stehen.
Ich werde sobald kein weiteres Buch von ihm lesen.
19 reviews1 follower
January 4, 2022
Ein wirklich toll geschriebenes Buch. Kermani nähert sich dem Christentum als Andersgläubiger über Symbolik und Kunst. Dabei hat sein hersusragender Schreibstil eine fast schon mystische Wirkung. Ich kann es unengeschränkt weiterempfehlen!
1,407 reviews20 followers
July 3, 2023
This book was written by a Muslim of Iranian heritage living in Germany. Under the influence of Catholic friends, he goes to look at Christian art in several museums, and writes about his experience. The book is organized with each chapter on a separate work of art. The first section is on the life of Christ, the second section is on other biblical figures and early Catholic saints, and the third section is on practices and traditions of the church. In each section, he meditates on a different work of art. I found the book very interesting and well written, although I wish the author had given a bit more of his own background. He talks about being a Shia Muslim, but in other places talks about Christians winning him over. I came away from the book unsure of where he ended up spiritually. Nevertheless, he provides interesting meditations on the bond between Christians and Sufis, as well as discussing some of his family's experiences within Shi'ism. He also includes fairly lengthy sections on a mass he attended in Rome, and his experiences with a group of Catholic monks and nuns who ministered to the Syrians during their civil war. Overall, it was a very rewarding book, although it did leave a lot of loose ends.
Profile Image for Wim Otte.
117 reviews1 follower
October 9, 2023
Een kunstboek: het is verdeeld in vier delen met in totaal veertig hoofdstukken, elk over een (meestal middeleeuws) christelijk kunstwerk, begrip, ritueel of persoon. In zijn creatieve, associatieve overdenkingen analyseert K. het christendom van buitenaf. Zijn blik is open, hij is niet bang voor het onbekende, zijn oordeel stelt hij zo veel als mogelijk uit en bovenal is zijn liefde voor de monotheïstische traditie tastbaar.

Als kind uit een uit Iran geëmigreerd gezin, onderzoeker van de islamitische mystiek en met een dubbele nationaliteit vertegenwoordigt hij een 'moderne multiculturele gelovige' die bij veel van de kunstwerken tot een verfrissende en inspirerende brekingsindex komt. Zijn overdenkingen zijn ook bruikbaar voor bijv. christelijke voorgangers als middel om opnieuw God te ontwaren in de (kunst)wereld.
57 reviews2 followers
June 11, 2022
In diesem Buch nimmt sich Navid Kermani in jedem Kapitel ein Thema vor und schreibt darüber. Er kommt zu den Themen über ein Bild (meistens), eine Figur, eine Kirche, ein Kloster, oder über eine Begegnung, die er hatte. Hierbei erklärt er, was er an dem jeweiligen Bild/Skulptur/... besonders findet und kommt darüber meistens zu einer Erklärung über einen Aspekt des Christentums, des Islams oder generell der Menschen.
Zu Beginn des Buches erschien es mir eher ermüdend - nachdem ich mich jedoch an den Stil gewohnt hatte, fand ich das Buch richtig gut. Kermani scheint mehr über das Christentum zu wissen als so mancher Christ und seine Ausführungen sind allesamt (oder zumindest zum Großteil) interessant zu lesen.
63 reviews
December 25, 2021
Ein wunderbares
Buch! Navid Kermani hat einen offenen Blick für die christliche Bildwelt und beschreibt diese mit teils tiefgründigen Einsichten, teils mit erfrischenden Worten. Dieses Buch ist eine Bereicherung in jeder Hinsicht!
7 reviews1 follower
November 2, 2020
Een Duitse hoogleraar van Iraanse afkomst met sympathie voor het soefisme selecteert een veertigtal kunstwerken uit de onuitputtelijke schatkamer van de christelijke kunst. Kermani bekijkt de werken vanuit een heel persoonlijk standpunt maar gebruikt zijn grondige kennis van christendom en islam (beide in alle kleuren en smaken) om na te denken over hun religieuze betekenis, bij hun ontstaan en vandaag. Zijn stijl is soms wat te wijdlopig naar mijn smaak maar dat wordt ruimschoots gecompenseerd door aandacht waarmee hij je naar elk werk doet kijken.
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