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Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness Paperback – February 24, 2009
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The original edition of the multimillion-copy New York Times bestseller by the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, Richard H. Thaler, and Cass R. Sunstein: a revelatory look at how we make decisions—for fans of Malcolm Gladwell’s Blink, Charles Duhigg’s The Power of Habit, James Clear’s Atomic Habits, and Daniel Kahneman’s Thinking, Fast and Slow
Named a Best Book of the Year by TheEconomist and the Financial Times
Every day we make choices—about what to buy or eat, about financial investments or our children’s health and education, even about the causes we champion or the planet itself. Unfortunately, we often choose poorly. Nudge is about how we make these choices and how we can make better ones. Using dozens of eye-opening examples and drawing on decades of behavioral science research, Nobel Prize winner Richard H. Thaler and Harvard Law School professor Cass R. Sunstein show that no choice is ever presented to us in a neutral way, and that we are all susceptible to biases that can lead us to make bad decisions. But by knowing how people think, we can use sensible “choice architecture” to nudge people toward the best decisions for ourselves, our families, and our society, without restricting our freedom of choice.
- Print length312 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherPenguin Books
- Publication dateFebruary 24, 2009
- Dimensions5.4 x 0.8 x 8.44 inches
- ISBN-109780143115267
- ISBN-13978-0143115267
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Editorial Reviews
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“One of the few books . . . that fundamentally changed the way I think about the world.” —Steven D. Levitt, coauthor of Freakonomics
“Engaging and insightful . . . The conceptual argument is powerful, and most of the authors’ suggestions are common sense at its best. . . . For that we should all applaud loudly.” —The New York Times Book Review
“An essential read . . . The book isn’t only humorous, it’s loaded with good ideas that financial-service executives, policy makers, Wall Street mavens, and all savers can use.” —The Boston Globe
“This book is terrific. It will change the way you think, not only about the world around you and some of its bigger problems, but also about yourself.” —Michael Lewis, author of Moneyball and Liar’s Poker
“This gem of a book . . . is a must-read for anyone who wants to see both our minds and our society working better. It will improve your decisions and it will make the world a better place.” —Daniel Kahneman, Nobel Prize–winning author of Thinking, Fast and Slow
“Utterly brilliant . . . Nudge won’t nudge you—it will knock you off your feet.” —Daniel Gilbert, author of Stumbling on Happiness
“Nudge is as important a book as any I’ve read in perhaps twenty years. It is a book that people interested in any aspect of public policy should read. It is a book that people interested in politics should read. It is a book that people interested in ideas about human freedom should read. It is a book that people interested in promoting human welfare should read. If you’re not interested in any of these topics, you can read something else.” —Barry Schwartz, The American Prospect
“Engaging, informative, and thoroughly delightful.” —Don Norman, author of The Design of Everyday Things and The Design of Future Things
“A wonderful book: more fun than any important book has a right to be—and yet it is truly both.” —Roger Lowenstein, author of When Genius Failed
“Save the planet, save yourself. Do-gooders, policymakers, this one’s for you.” —Newsweek
“Great fun to read . . . Sunstein and Thaler are very persuasive.” —Slate
“Nudge helps us understand our weaknesses, and suggests savvy ways to counter them.” —The New York Observer
“Always stimulating . . . An entertaining book that also deeply informs.” —Barron’s
“Entertaining, engaging, and well written . . . Highly recommended.” —Choice
“This Poor Richard’s Almanack for the 21st century . . . shares both the sagacity and the witty and accessible style of its 18th-century predecessor.” —Law and Politics Book Review
“There are superb insights in Nudge.” —Financial Times
About the Author
Cass R. Sunstein is the Robert Walmsley University Professor at Harvard Law School, where he is the founder and director of the Program on Behavioral Economics and Public Policy. He is by far the most cited law professor in the United States. From 2009 to 2012 he served in the Obama administration as Administrator of the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs. He has testified before congressional committees, appeared on national television and radio shows, been involved in constitution-making and law reform activities in a number of nations, and written many articles and books, including Simpler: The Future of Government, Wiser: Getting Beyond Groupthink to Make Groups Smarter, The World According to Star Wars, and Impeachment: A Citizen's Guide. He is the recipient of the 2018 Holberg Prize, awarded annually to a scholar who has made outstanding contributions to research in the arts, humanities, the social sciences, law, or theology.
Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
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- Automatic savings programs increase savings rate. All over the country, companies are adopting the Save More Tomorrow program: firms offer employees who are not saving very much the option of joining a program in which their saving rates are automatically increased whenever they get a raise. This plan has more than tripled saving rates in some firms, and is now offered by thousands of employers.
- "Defaults" can improve rates of organ donation. In the United States, about one–third of citizens have signed organ donor cards. Compare this to Austria, where 99 percent of people are potential organ donors. One obvious difference? Americans must explicitly consent to become organ donors (by signing forms, for example) while Austrians must opt out if they do not want to be organ donors.
Product details
- ASIN : 014311526X
- Publisher : Penguin Books
- Publication date : February 24, 2009
- Edition : Revised & Expanded
- Language : English
- Print length : 312 pages
- ISBN-10 : 9780143115267
- ISBN-13 : 978-0143115267
- Item Weight : 10.4 ounces
- Dimensions : 5.4 x 0.8 x 8.44 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #87,661 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #45 in Sociology of Social Theory
- #113 in Business Decision Making
- #235 in Decision-Making & Problem Solving
- Customer Reviews:
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About the authors
Richard H. Thaler is the Charles R. Walgreen Distinguished Service Professor of Economics and Behavioral Science at the University of Chicago's Graduate School of Business where he director of the Center for Decision Research. He is also a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research where he co-directs the behavioral economics project. Professor Thaler's research lies in the gap between psychology and economics. He is considered a pioneer in the fields of behavioral economics and finance. He is the author of numerous articles and the books Misbehaving: The Making of Behavioral Economics; Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth and Happiness (with Cass Sunstein), The Winner's Curse, and Quasi Rational Economics and was the editor of the collections: Advances in Behavioral Finance, Volumes 1 and 2. He also wrote a series of articles in the Journal of Economics Perspectives called: "Anomalies". He is one of the rotating team of economists who write the Economic View column in the Sunday New York Times.
Cass R. Sunstein is the Robert Walmsley University Professor at Harvard Law School, where he is the founder and director of the Program on Behavioral Economics and Public Policy. He is by far the most cited law professor in the United States. From 2009 to 2012 he served in the Obama administration as Administrator of the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs. He has testified before congressional committees, appeared on national television and radio shows, been involved in constitution-making and law reform activities in a number of nations, and written many articles and books, including Simpler: The Future of Government and Wiser: Getting Beyond Groupthink to Make Groups Smarter.
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Customers find the book an interesting read filled with practical understanding of concepts, and appreciate its humorous writing style. The nudge concept receives positive feedback, with one customer noting how it can have a huge impact. While the book's libertarian paternalism approach receives mixed reactions, customers value its economic insights, with one highlighting how it can lead to a happier place at little to no cost.
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Customers find the book interesting and fun to read, with one customer noting that the first few chapters are particularly valuable.
"...The authors of this excellent book admit this paradoxical truth, and use it as a foundation to create sensible public policies...." Read more
"...Overall, a good book that I recommend heartily." Read more
"...The book is well written and the authors are methodical in both laying out their case and pointing out its potential flaws...." Read more
"...From cafeterias to retirement plans to organ donors, this is a great book about how we can adjust environments to better our lives and the lives..." Read more
Customers find the book insightful and filled with good information, with one customer noting it is filled with practical understanding of concepts.
"...The main thesis is really interesting and very refreshing for those interested in the somewhat stale and oversimplified "big vs. small government"..." Read more
"...is a brilliant approach that will increase well-being while preserving freedom of choice. People will still be able to decline the best options...." Read more
"...at hand, but what this book really strives to be is an anthem for better choice architecture...." Read more
"...I thought a lot of this was useful for simply arranging one’s everyday life, putting reminders out to help them make quick decisions and remembering..." Read more
Customers find the book offers good value for money, with one mentioning it's a great way to spend random pockets of free time.
"...by nudging the choices in ways that are effective, but otherwise cheap in cost, modest in sacrifice, and easy to avoid...." Read more
"...healthcare, the environment, education and the financial urgencies of Medicare and Social Security...." Read more
"...It is not a textbook or standard teaching material targeted towards undergraduate economics majors...." Read more
"...can actually make the world a better, happier place at little to no cost...." Read more
Customers appreciate the humor in the book, noting it is written with a great sense of humor, and one customer mentions its casual and conversational tone.
"...While I do enjoy a casual and conversational tone, this book suffered from unnecessary tangential remarks that detracted from the main point...." Read more
"...While some of the anecdotes are funny, many of the writer’s proposals contain the America social and economic issues that will take a while to..." Read more
"...and the authors provide plenty of relevant examples, and a good amount of humour - makes for a very easy and enjoyable read...." Read more
"...I did appreciate his humor. And he does deserve acclamation. And I am glad he is easily readable." Read more
Customers appreciate the nudge concept, finding it fascinating and simple, with one customer noting that it can have a huge impact.
"...The main point of the book is that nudges matter and thus should be carefully designed...." Read more
"...Fascinating reading and very provocative. Is nudging good? Or manipulative?..." Read more
"I like the example to creat a nudge. But also there was a lot of information similar to other books, but over all a good read." Read more
"...Loved learning more about choice architect and how a nudge can have a huge impact...." Read more
Customers have mixed opinions about the book's libertarian ideology, with some appreciating its principles of libertarian paternalism and interesting ethical questions, while others find it boring and too preachy.
"...The authors address libertarian concerns multiple times, and with great consideration, throughout the entire book...." Read more
"...There is no choice presented for debate on this topic...." Read more
"...Absolutely. I really appreciate the libertarian paternalism presented in the book." Read more
"...within an economic disciplinary tradition and an expression of libertarian political theory. It breaks humanity into two groups: humans and econs...." Read more
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- Reviewed in the United States on May 10, 2010Format: PaperbackVerified PurchaseIn Nudge, the authors' introduction immediately resonated with me as a dietitian. In it they discuss a hypothetical school cafeteria that incorporates wisdom from supermarket designers by `selling' products simply by placing them in different positions.
When I worked with clients, I told them what they should be eating, and what they shouldn't. My podiatrist tells me not to wear stilettos and my physio tells me that I should do my joint rehab exercises as well as, or instead of fun exercise.
Imagine if we could just gently nudge people in the direction of healthier choices, rather then simply telling them what to do. This is the concept behind the book Nudge.
I would recommend Nudge to anyone who is trying to promote better health to individuals, communities or within organizations.
Richard Thaler is a Professor at The University of Chicago, Booth School of Business. His co-author, Cass Sunstein is a Law Professor at the University of Chicago. Their research over the past 30 years has been in behavioural economics, looking at how people make decisions, and the science of choice.
Within Nudge the authors describe Libertarian Paternalism as a weak, soft, and non-intrusive type of paternalism because choices are not blocked fenced off, or significantly burdened. However, because they describe and encourage techniques for Governments, organisations and individuals to consciously attempt to nudge people towards making healthier choices, it still counts as paternalistic.
Those trying to nudge people into making better choices are Choice Architects, where they design and manipulate the environment to make it easier or more fun to make the most beneficial choice. Although this may be described as manipulative, it's important to note that there is no neutral design, whenever you design an environment; it will influence choices of your clients or customers. If you are responsible for designing a stairwell, you can make it easy to access, aesthetically pleasing, with natural light will encourage people to take the stairs over the elevator or escalator. If you are designing a menu, making healthy choices the default option will make it easier for customers to choose that option. If you design the stairwell or the menu that makes it easier for the least healthy option to be chosen, it will be. If you do nothing, you are not doing nothing, you are being a choice architect without considering the consequences.
Relevance to Health Professionals
All health professionals can all gain something out of ideas presented in Nudge. We understand the science and the why of health and medicine, but the barriers in getting clients to do, what we want them to do, for their own health, can be a challenge. Nudge uses numerous health examples, such as how a school cafeteria can help students choose healthier food; how we can increase organ donation; and strategies to increase compliance in taking prescription medicine.
Before you become a choice architect, it is important to understand the outcomes you are trying to achieve and determine whether any of the options suggested by Thaler and Sunstein:
* Making the healthiest option the easiest choice
* Making the healthiest option enjoyable
* Making the healthiest option the default choice
* Making unhealthy choices more difficult
* Giving incentives for choosing healthiest choices
* Giving positive feedback for choosing healthiest choices
- Reviewed in the United States on August 31, 2012Format: PaperbackVerified PurchaseFirst some quick comments, then some longer ones:
1) Anyone interested in the Social Sciences should get this. Parts of it are written as if the book were a guide to finance, but that was probably just a marketing ploy of some sort. The main thesis is really interesting and very refreshing for those interested in the somewhat stale and oversimplified "big vs. small government" debate.
2) I read this right after Kahneman's "Thinking Fast and Slow." Both are extremely similar, but Nudge is more to the point and more organized. "Thinking Fast and Slow" was still brilliant though.
3) All those reviewers who call this "manipulation" or some other "Big Government!!!" charge, I must say, probably didn't read the book. The authors address libertarian concerns multiple times, and with great consideration, throughout the entire book. Understanding what makes "libertarian paternalism" libertarian is an extremely important step in getting the authors' main point. Honestly, if anything, it made my political views MORE libertarian rather than less, so it's difficult for me to think of Nudge as a "defense of Big Brother" or some other right-wing nonsense.
4) The only inconsistency I came across (and I mention this below) is that when they talk about being "anti-mandate," they really mean being against public or consumer mandates. However, many of their proposals do implicitly involve mandates on businesses though, such as requiring that air conditioner manufacturers install a light that would tell the user when the filter needs replacement (which would save a good amount of energy). I am not opposed to this whatsoever, but it's important to acknowledge that it's still a government mandate, so it's not as libertarian as it first seems. However, it's still more libertarian than other conceivable alternative mandates that could be placed on the public to use less energy.
5) My take-away from the book: The authors spend a good amount of time describing ECONS and HUMANS, but not so much time describing why ECONS are so important for right-wing economists. This is also partly because authors' main objective, it seemed, was political. They describe their philosophy as "libertarian paternalism." They are libertarian in the sense that they (ostensibly) don't generally like the idea of the government "banning," "mandating," and "outlawing" economic choices, or making some economic choices extremely difficult for the consumer (for example if the government made all vehicles which get less than 20 MPG twice as expensive via taxes, and mandated that a consumer must wait 90 days before being able to register a low-MPG vehicle, whereas high-MPG vehicles could be registered immediately). However, the other part of their philosophy involves "paternalism"--a very dirty word to libertarians. The basic normative argument for paternalism is that the government has some role to play in guiding people toward better choices. In talking about "libertarian paternalism," they are saying that whatever the government does, it is going to have some effects upon the population, even if it is not explicitly trying to manipulate or persuade the public. So, instead, adopt smart policies (with predictable results) that guide the public toward a "good" direction, but allow individuals to opt-out if they wish. An interesting example they brought up involved organ donors. Turns out that there are some massive inter-country differences when it comes to the desire to donate organs. But is this because the people in each country have such massively different attitudes about it? No--the main variable is a simple one: Is the default option to donate, or not to donate? In the U.S., on our licenses, we have to check a box that confirms we want to be organ donors and, therefore, our default is that we are not donors. In other countries, the default option is that citizens are donors--but of course they are free to opt-out at any time.
Bringing it back to the ECONS vs. HUMANS debate is what makes a simple example like this so mind-blowing (for me, at least). The crucial key to understand is that, to the ECON, it makes no difference what the default is. The ECON always knows what s/he wants--if s/he wants to be a donor, and the default is "No," the ECON would instantly change it to "Yes," and vice versa. Simple as that. But HUMANS, on the other hand, don't do this. HUMANS have a massive, statistically proven bias toward the default option and, as a result, which route the government decides to go ends up making a massive difference. If the government decides that it's probably a "good" thing if most citizens are willing to donate vital organs, the authors argue, then it should keep the default at "Yes" and allow people to opt-out. (Notice that if the government simply mandated that everyone donate their organs, it would be paternalism outright, not libertarian paternalism.) The book is essentially a collection of examples like this, where the authors wish to enact policies that result in a better society/economy while staying true to the libertarian paternalist ethic. (One place where I think they slip a bit, though, is that they are more inclined to support "regulations" on businesses--but these regulations are of course mandates, however much they don't want to call them mandates. When they say they are against mandates, they seem to be more against regulating average citizens and consumers than regulating businesses.)
As I see it, the die-hard libertarian still has a valid argument to make. Basically, they can object to the nudge argument on purely political grounds, which would sound like this, "I don't give a crap if libertarian paternalism would result in a better economy or better society. The government has no right to--i.e., shouldn't--participate in manipulative policymaking." It's a fair political argument, but it doesn't cohere with the free-market argument, which states that free-market policies will actually result in a better economy. Nudge shows how free-market policies actually won't result in a better economy, in large part because the actors receiving, evaluating, and acting upon economic signals are HUMANS, not ECONS.
For those interested, I wrote an article about this type of stuff (and long before reading Nudge or much else in the way of behavioral economics) called "Unmasking the GOP's Faith-Based Economics" available @Truthout.org
Top reviews from other countries
- Amazon CustomerReviewed in Japan on December 8, 2016
4.0 out of 5 stars Really interesting read
People dont do whats in their best interest all the time. It will make you research more into finances. May be difficult for me to apply the lessons on how to influence peoples decisions but you can see enormous possibilites for those in the civil service.
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GiuliaReviewed in Italy on December 18, 2017
5.0 out of 5 stars Divertente, illuminante ed adatto a chiunque.
Format: PaperbackVerified PurchaseComprato per un corso universitario in Public Management. Scritto in modo assolutamente scorrevole ed a tratti anche divertente (i due autori, di cui l'ultimo premio Nobel per l' economia, si alternano, richiamano e prendono a volte in giro tra un aneddoto e l'altro).
Per chi non ha mai sentito parlare dell'argomento "nudge", questo libro ne è una sorta di pietra miliare (anche all'università, corso in Public Policies, ci è stato suggerito da 3 professori diversi per 3 corsi diversi).
Per chi invece già sa di cosa stiamo parlando, potrebbe risultare un po' ridondante e carente di una conclusione particolarmente illuminante rispetto alla letteratura già in circolazione.
Ad ogni modo il mio consiglio per chi sente l'argomento Nudge per la prima volta, per gli entusiasti di approcci innovativi e creativi (lateral thinking) e per i curiosi in generale è "Compratelo!". Assolutamente consigliato in quanto un ottimo investimento per il vostro tempo libero (o meno, nel mio caso).
E' quel tipo di lettura piacevole, su un argomento veramente interessante (ultimamente quasi di moda) capace di lasciarti un valore aggiunto.
N.B. Per chi parla la lingua, consigliata la versione originale rispetto alla traduzione. Per chi non se la sente o non parla inglese, quella in Italiano è comunque un ottimo acquisto!
Se siete al primo approccio e volete saperne di più, o toccare con mano. Vi consiglio di andare a curiosare su YouTube! Troverete una VALANGA di esempi di nudging in tutto il mondo.
[ARGOMENTO, per chi fosse curioso di avere qualche impressione in più rispetto alla trama ufficiale: Il libro introduce al tema della "spinta gentile" (come è stata tradotta in Italia) - sarebbe quella spintarella per farti coraggio o l'incentivo per prendere una decisione.
Il senso è trovare il modo tramite cui indurre le persone ad adottare comportamenti "raccomandabili" in maniera del tutto spontanea, scorrevole (che portino quindi ad un valore aggiunto per loro stessi e per la società in generale). E' ovviamente un approccio "democratico" in quanto lascia sempre libero arbitrio a chiunque ma, cambiando il modo in cui tutte le alternative sono proposte e presentate, aumenta la probabilità che la scelta propenda verso l'alternativa desiderata da "l'ideatore" o dal "public manager" (il concetto sarebbe, come già anticipato, non farlo per fini personali) .
Parte da esempi quotidiani ripresi da tutto il modo (a partire dai risultati ottenuti mettendo una mosca finta dentro molti bagni pubblici maschili) per poi approcciare gradualmente a tematiche più manageriali, quali incentivi nel sistema assicurativo, per i sistemi pensionistici e così via.]
Buona lettura!
Giulia
- Client d'AmazonReviewed in France on October 20, 2016
5.0 out of 5 stars Must read if interested in behavioural science
Format: PaperbackVerified PurchaseThis is a classic and a must have for behavioral scientists, designers and for lay readers alike. Many parts are universal and applicable in several lines of work.
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Javier.Reviewed in Mexico on December 27, 2019
5.0 out of 5 stars Obra fundamental de la economía del comportamiento.
Format: PaperbackVerified PurchaseEs una obra básica para entender la implementación de políticas aplicando la economía del comportamiento. Junto con “Misbehaving” y Thinking fast and slow” ofrecen un panorama comprensivo sobre esta rama de la economía.
- MnomadReviewed in Germany on April 14, 2020
5.0 out of 5 stars Something to think about
Format: PaperbackVerified PurchaseGreat book - the concept has a lot of practical applications. I purchased this for my 12 year old who had to read it for school. While he appreciated its value, some of the explanations were a little complex for him and dry.