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296 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 1975
It is one of the merits of deconstruction to have undermined philosophical commonplaces and thus to have made some people think. Unfortunately it affected only a small circle of insiders and it affected them in ways that are not always clear, not even to them. That's why I prefer Nestroy, who was a great, funny and popular deconstructeur, while Derrida, for all his good intentions, can't even tell a story.So I'm going to forget about deconstruction and other kinds of fashionable nonsense, and try to explain in more commonsense terms what I got out of Against Method. One of the central themes is that philosophers of science are grossly misrepresenting what it is that scientists actually do, or at least misrepresenting the worthwhile parts of it. All this stuff about observations and theories and falsification is, quite possibly, beside the point.
Expressing it differently, we may say that the assumption of a single coherent world-view that underlies all of science is either a metaphysical hypothesis trying to anticipate a future unity, or a pedagogical fake; or it is an attempt to show, by a judicious up-and downgrading of disciplines, that a synthesis has already been achieved. This is how fans of uniformity proceeded in the past (cf. Plato's lists of subjects in Chapter vii of his Republic), these are the ways that are still being used today. A more realistic account, however, would be that '[t]here is no simple "scientific" map of reality--or if there were, it would be much too complicated and unwieldy to be grasped or used by anyone. But there are many different maps of reality, from a variety of scientific viewpoints'
This was my opinion in 1970 when I wrote the first version of this essay. Times have changed. Considering some tendencies in US education ('politically correct', academic menus, etc.), in philosophy (postmodernism) and in the world at large I think that reason should now be given greater weight not because it is and always was fundamental but because it seems to be needed, in circumstances that occur rather frequently today (but may disappear tomorrow), it create a more humane approach.