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A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction (Center for Environmental Structure Series)
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After a ten-year silence, Christopher Alexander and his colleagues at the Center for Environmental Structure are now publishing a major statement in the form of three books which will, in their words, "lay the basis for an entirely new approach to architecture, building and planning, which will we hope replace existing ideas and practices entirely." The three books are The Timeless Way of Building, The Oregon Experiment, and this book, A Pattern Language.
At the core of these books is the idea that people should design for themselves their own houses, streets, and communities. This idea may be radical (it implies a radical transformation of the architectural profession) but it comes simply from the observation that most of the wonderful places of the world were not made by architects but by the people.
At the core of the books, too, is the point that in designing their environments people always rely on certain "languages," which, like the languages we speak, allow them to articulate and communicate an infinite variety of designs within a forma system which gives them coherence. This book provides a language of this kind. It will enable a person to make a design for almost any kind of building, or any part of the built environment.
"Patterns," the units of this language, are answers to design problems (How high should a window sill be? How many stories should a building have? How much space in a neighborhood should be devoted to grass and trees?). More than 250 of the patterns in this pattern language are given: each consists of a problem statement, a discussion of the problem with an illustration, and a solution. As the authors say in their introduction, many of the patterns are archetypal, so deeply rooted in the nature of things that it seemly likely that they will be a part of human nature, and human action, as much in five hundred years as they are today.
- ISBN-100195019199
- ISBN-13978-0195019193
- PublisherOxford University Press
- Publication dateJanuary 1, 1977
- LanguageEnglish
- Dimensions2 x 5.7 x 7.9 inches
- Print length1171 pages
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"A wise old owl of a book, one to curl up with in an inglenook on a rainy day. Alexander may be the closest thing home design has to a Zen master."The New York Times
"A classic. A must read. "T. Colbert, University of Houston
"The design student's bible for relativistic environmental design. "Melinda La Garce, Southern Illinois University
"Brilliant, Here's how to design or redesign any space you're living or working infrom metropolis to room. Consider what you want to happen in the space, and then page through this book. Its radically conservative observations will spark, enhance, organize your best ideas, and a wondrous home, workplace, town will result."San Francisco Chronicle
"The most important book in architecture and planning for many decades, a landmark whose clarity and humanity give hope that our private and public spaces can yet be made gracefully habitable."The Next Whole Earth Catalog.
Book Description
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Product details
- Publisher : Oxford University Press
- Publication date : January 1, 1977
- Language : English
- Print length : 1171 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0195019199
- ISBN-13 : 978-0195019193
- Item Weight : 2 pounds
- Dimensions : 2 x 5.7 x 7.9 inches
- Part of series : Center for Environmental Structure
- Best Sellers Rank: #15,155 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the authors
Discover more of the author’s books, see similar authors, read book recommendations and more.
Discover more of the author’s books, see similar authors, read book recommendations and more.
For nearly 50+ years Christopher Alexander has challenged the architectural establishment, sometimes uncomfortably, to pay more attention to the human beings at the center of design. To do so he has combined top-flight scientific training, award-winning architectural research, patient observation and testing throughout his building projects, and a radical but profoundly influential set of ideas that have extended far beyond the realm of architecture.
In the process Alexander has authored a series of groundbreaking works, including A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction and The Timeless Way of Building. His most recent publication continues that ground-breaking work, the four-volume book set, The Nature of Order: An Essay on the Art of Building and the Nature of the Universe, incorporates more than 30 years of research, study, teaching and building. It was described by Laura Miller of the New York Times “the kind of book every serious reader should wrestle with once in a while: [a] fat, challenging, grandiose tract that encourages you to take apart the way you think and put it back together again.”
Alexander was born in Vienna, Austria and raised in Oxford and Chichester, England. He was awarded the top open scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge in 1954, in chemistry and physics, and went on to read mathematics at Cambridge. He took his doctorate in architecture at Harvard (the first Ph.D. in architecture ever awarded at Harvard), and was elected to the society of Fellows at Harvard University in 1961. During the same period he worked at MIT in transportation theory and in computer science, and at Harvard in cognitive science. His pioneering ideas from that time were known to be highly influential in those fields.
Alexander became Professor of Architecture at the University of California, Berkeley in 1963, and taught there continuously for 38 years, becoming Professor Emeritus in 2001. He founded the Center for Environmental Structure in 1967, published hundreds of papers and several dozen books, and built more than 200 buildings around the world.
Alexander is widely recognized as the father of the pattern language movement in computer science, which has led to important innovations such as Wiki, and new kinds of Object-Oriented Programming. He is the recipient of the first medal for research ever given by the American Institute of Architects, and he has been honoured repeatedly for his buildings in many parts of the world. He was elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1996 for his contributions to architecture, including his groundbreaking work on how the built environment affects the lives of people.
Max Jacobson (1941 - currently alive and well) was born in Houston, raised in Denver, and received his first degrees in engineering from Boulder and Berkeley. After a couple of years working as an engineer, he returned to Berkeley to study architecture, receiving a PhD in architecture in 1975. During this period he contributed as a co-author to the book "A Pattern Language", 1977.
A licensed architect in California, he co-founded the Berkeley architectural firm JSWD in 1975 (jswdarch.com), and with his partners wrote "The Good House" (1990), and "Patterns of Home" (2005). His most recent book is "Invitation to Architecture", available in April, 2014, co-written with Shelley Brock.
Married to Helen Degenhardt, practicing architecture for 35 years with his partners, co-authoring all his publications, learning from his architecture students in community college, he really does nothing on his own!
Discover more of the author’s books, see similar authors, read book recommendations and more.
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Customers find this book insightful, with one mentioning it's an invaluable aid for home planning and remodeling. Moreover, the design patterns receive positive feedback, with one customer noting the detailed recipes for various scales of design. Additionally, the book is well-written and easy to read, with one review highlighting its clear organization into different topics. Customers consider it well worth the price and essential for every household, with one noting it's a must-read for problem solvers in different disciplines. They value its credibility, with one review mentioning it's backed by empirical evidence, and appreciate its livability, with one describing it as buildings built to be inhabited by people with souls.
AI Generated from the text of customer reviews
Customers find the book insightful, with one mentioning it serves as an invaluable aid for home planning and remodeling, while another notes how it makes complex concepts simple.
"...I can't say enough good things about it. It is one of the most influential books on my life and has made an impact on me and my family who live in..." Read more
"excellent theoretical & practical reference work" Read more
"...It’s a life-changing, beautiful, humane, lovely tool, and every human should have it." Read more
"I keep dipping into it. Not just a reference, but a world view made practical." Read more
Customers appreciate the design patterns in the book, describing it as a compendium on building design, with one customer noting its detailed recipes for various scales and another mentioning how pictures and drawings help define concepts.
"...These principles are classic patterns that have stood the test of time, and Mr. Alexander gives numerous examples from around the world, from entire..." Read more
"This classic architecture work contains abundant wisdom and practical direction for living for every thinking person...." Read more
"...It is insightful and easy to follow. The patterns can be easily identified in the world...." Read more
"...I'm only part way through the book, but have already benefitted from the patterns described...." Read more
Customers praise the book's pacing, finding it well written and easy to read, with one customer noting it's written in the manner of a discussion.
"...Each pattern is starts and ends with bold text summaries that lets the reader cover this info packed book in very short order." Read more
"This book is aimed at non architects, written in short, practical entries that are easy to understand and hard to argue against...." Read more
"...I might make it the rest of the way through.... at least it's an easy read, with so many repetitions in how the models work you can kinda skim..." Read more
"...Like a healthy diet, it gets down to basics: how the human body relates to space; how people 'feel' in certain environments; the criteria of places..." Read more
Customers find the book well worth its price, describing it as livable, with one customer noting it deals admirably with trade-offs.
"...of what makes living spaces/architecture beautiful, comfortable and livable...." Read more
"...build my house and it made the space more beautiful, practical and livable. I can't say enough good things about it...." Read more
"...This book will help you create low-cost solutions to the real estate downturns in your area...." Read more
"...It is well worth the price. You'll find yourself eager to share with your friends the concepts you weren't aware of that exist in this field." Read more
Customers appreciate the book's content, with one noting its clear organization into different topics and another mentioning its usefulness as a reference and planning guide.
"...The plan was good, but the execution was flawed. I find that honesty refreshing." Read more
"Easy to flip through. You can pick and choose sections to read, kind of like an encyclopedia of planning. Expensive book, but worth it in my option." Read more
"...The author's are naive in their structuring of space, nowhere do they cite any hard evidence of how these structures function...." Read more
"...Fun to just dive in and go where it leads. Like a choose your own adventure book with mind expanding content!..." Read more
Customers find the book valuable, with some considering it essential for every household, and one noting it's a must-have for owner-builders.
"if you are a designer this is a must own book. Do not mistake for a book you read cover to cover in a hurry though...." Read more
"...Its a must have for the owner-builder or anyone looking to renovate or even rearrange their house." Read more
"A book for EVERYONE'S shelf... especially those planning to build or expand senior communities. No more bleak long hallways...." Read more
"hands on guidebook I had to use for class!..." Read more
Customers find the book credible, with one review noting it is backed by empirical evidence and provides a healthy mix of professional certainty.
"...in short, practical entries that are easy to understand and hard to argue against...." Read more
"...And throughout the work, there is a healthy mix of professional certainty and humble "best guesses"...." Read more
"...invaluable perspective in how to make rooms functional, both practically and socially, without sacrificing aesthetic and ecological considerations...." Read more
"...It really is an eye opener and in many aspects, for me at least, utterly convincing." Read more
Customers appreciate the livability of the book, with one customer noting how it creates a world where buildings are designed to be inhabited by people with souls, while another mentions that the examples consistently inspire dreams.
"...of people should read so that we can live in a more beautiful and livable world!" Read more
"...a town, down to details of what makes a house or home comfortable and liveable...." Read more
"...own home, and the resulting construction is both beautiful and delightfully liveable. Should be required reading for every architect and designer" Read more
"...No more bleak long hallways. Buildings built to be inhabited by PEOPLE with souls.!" Read more
Top reviews from the United States
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- Reviewed in the United States on March 28, 2025Format: HardcoverVerified PurchaseThis is the best book I know of to introduce people to the ideas of what makes living spaces/architecture beautiful, comfortable and livable. Each pattern is starts and ends with bold text summaries that lets the reader cover this info packed book in very short order.
- Reviewed in the United States on August 28, 2004Format: HardcoverVerified Purchasei first learned about alexander through my study of software engineering. i'm an artist working on generative/evolutionary digital art, both visual and sonic, and i'm also in the process of studying to build a house. alexander's books have been an inspiration to me in all of these fields. i won't expound on the positives, as others have already done so, and my five stars give you an idea of how i feel about these books. there are quite a few negatives though:
a) the price of these books is outrageous, why are they not available in a cheap paperback edition. if mr. alexander really wants to change the world he would do well to look at the open source software movement, specifically the ideal of open documentation. mr. alexander has a website on which he talks about freedom and idealism, etc... however, the book is not free, instead, it is very expensive, but more importantly, is not free to copy and redistribute. one gets the feeling that there is an element of the california guru in all of this. that he is peddling utopia to the hyper-comfortable. ok that sounds really harsh, but it makes me very angry that such a resource is not distributed freely, especially in the developing world. mr. alexander if you read this, please consider establishing an open on-line repository of your patterns, perhaps in wiki format, so that other patterns can be added, and so that your existing patterns can be amended through time and translated to other languages. i realize that most people in the developing world do not have access to the internet btw, but at least it would allow the people or organizations who do to print and distribute copies freely.
b) there is quite a stark difference between the more rigorous and engineering oriented 'notes on the synthesis of form' and the later work. i think in the later work he correctly ditched the engineering jargon because he deemed it unnecessarily cumbersome, and also realized that it is not necessary to build a house. peasants with no engineering or mathematical background have been building beautiful buildings for ages, however in NOTSOF he spends considerable time espousing the idea of a generative grammar as a way of managing the immense complexity of most engineering/design tasks. for instance when he gets into the problem of manufacturing a tea kettle which solves both manufacturing and design constraints. i'd really like to see more patterns dealing directly with issues of energy management and ecological well being, which by definition would have to be more technical, but not by a great margin if explained in simple language. this way a house could be organically "grown", but with energy efficiency there as a morphological force from the outset.
c) in general the books could be shorter and less repetitive. there is a bit too much advocacy, and they often read like a some kind of new age self help manual, on the surface that is. these books can survive the new age surface feel precisely because they are so deep, but i think that less self-advocacy would significantly lighten them and would probably also manage to shave off most of the new age baggage.
and finally, my advice to the software engineer, is to first read 'a timeless way of building', which will give you a strong idea about how patterns work. i also highly recommend 'notes on the synthesis of form' to anybody designing anything. i don't think that 'a pattern language' is that necessary to read, unless you want to build houses, or are just a big fan of alexander's (of which i am both).
i based this review on 'the timeless way of building', 'a pattern language', 'notes on the synthesis of form', and 'the production of houses'.
i can't wait to read 'the nature of order'
thanks mr. alexander!!
- Reviewed in the United States on February 1, 2025Format: HardcoverVerified PurchaseThis book is aimed at non architects, written in short, practical entries that are easy to understand and hard to argue against. I used this book to build my house and it made the space more beautiful, practical and livable. I can't say enough good things about it. It is one of the most influential books on my life and has made an impact on me and my family who live in our house. It's inspiring and useful. There's not really anything else like it.
- Reviewed in the United States on April 30, 2000Format: HardcoverVerified PurchaseNominally about architecture and urban planning, this book has more wisdom about psychology, anthropology, and sociology than any other that I've read. Nearly every one of this volume's 1170 pages will make you question an assumption that you probably didn't realize you were making. In a section entitled "Four-Story Limit", Alexander notes that "there is abundant evidence to show that high buildings make people crazy." Underneath is a photo of San Franisco's Transamerica tower, captioned with a quote from Orwell's 1984:
"The Ministry of Truth--Minitrue, in Newspeak--was startlingly different from any other object in sight. It was an enormous pyramidal structure of glittering white concrete, soaring up terrace after terrace 300 metres in the air."
Alexander backs up this polemic with convincing arguments that high-rise living removes people too far from the casual society of the street, from children playing in the yard, and that apartment-dwellers therefore become isolated.
Alexander spends a lot of time in this book trying to figure out how to restore the damage to our communities that have been done by automobiles. He argues for better public spaces and for more integration of children, old people, and workers. He argues for more access to water by more people.
Many of Alexander's arguments are against the scale of modern systems. Public schools spend a fortune on building and administration precisely because they are so physically large [I've seen statistics showing that our cities spend only about one-third of their budgets on classrooms and teachers]. If we had shopfront schools and fired all the school system personnel who don't teach, we might be able to get student-teacher ratios down to 8 or 10:1 without an increase in cost. Similarly, Alexander argues for smaller retail shops, smaller factories (or at least identifiable small workgroups within factories rather than hundreds of faceless cogs) and more master/apprentice instruction.
What if you like the depredations of modernity and aren't interested in a utopian world where basic human needs are met? Can you learn anything about architecture from this guy? Absolutely. You'll learn that light is everything. Your bedroom has to have eastern light so that the sun wakes you up. Your best living quarters should have southern light. All the rooms should have light from at least two sides, otherwise there will be too much contrast and you'll just have to draw the shades. If you've got kids, make them sleep and play in their own wing of the house. Build a realm for yourself and your wife on a different floor. Meet the kids in the kitchen.
To avoid cluttering my apartment, I give away virtually all the books that I buy these days. I'm keeping this one and plan to re-read it every year.
- Reviewed in the United States on March 12, 2025Format: HardcoverVerified Purchaseexcellent theoretical & practical reference work
- Reviewed in the United States on October 18, 2024Format: HardcoverVerified PurchaseI am obsessed with this book. I’ve bought it as a gift for so many important people in my life; I carry it with my a slightly embarrassing amount; I use it and dive into it every time I’m thinking about any layout or rearrange or landscaping or lighting or literally anything to do with the human environment. It’s a life-changing, beautiful, humane, lovely tool, and every human should have it.
Top reviews from other countries
- MISSCDNReviewed in Canada on September 8, 2023
5.0 out of 5 stars Must-Read if You're Building a Home
Format: HardcoverVerified PurchaseIf you want your new home to be comfortable and welcoming (and who doesn't?) - this is a must-read. The focus is really how to make a house .... a home, starting with the big picture. While I don't necessarily agree with a few of the concepts (from a lens 50 years forward) the 'patterns' (or qualities) truly will make a difference. There is a deep understanding of human nature/behaviour and how the minutiae of our surroundings profoundly impacts us. One thing they suggest is to list all 253 of the patterns and then systematically go through the ones within your control (e.g. you typically can't control the build of a town or transportation infrastructure). I did this on a spreadsheet for our new build and, wow, does it make you really think through your build design and what you really want in the end. Yes, it does take quite a while but so worth it when you see how your home can embrace family and friends in such a complete way. I recently read that, 50 years later, this book still sells thousands of copies a year and I can understand why; it is such a human-oriented point of view. Highly recommend this book!
- DMReviewed in Italy on August 17, 2016
5.0 out of 5 stars essential book for every architect
Format: HardcoverVerified Purchaseif you are an architect or a student, or just curious, this book is for you. it explores the patterns of every kind of things you can build, from houses to rooms to skyscrapers, a limitless source of inspiration
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YanReviewed in France on June 27, 2019
5.0 out of 5 stars une référence
Format: HardcoverVerified Purchaseune référence pour les architectes soucieux de la vocation de leur profession et une possibilité de compréhension et de rencontre entre le profane et le professionnel.
- Sriraam PReviewed in India on February 2, 2019
5.0 out of 5 stars It is an amazing book that architects must buy.
Format: HardcoverVerified PurchaseIt is one of the most phenomenal piece of work. This book suggests an empirical approach to design problems. Much like engineering design, architectural design can be empirical too. This book is a first and fantastic effort at that.
I have referred to this book uncountable number of times while designing. Very very useful.
- Anna Sara de MeusReviewed in Germany on October 15, 2013
5.0 out of 5 stars So very true
Format: HardcoverVerified PurchaseAll patterns in the book are based on a very intuitive human approach to building. Reading the book I somehow had the feeling that I had known the principle behind them all along, but hadn't been able to put them in words. The concept behind the book is far from any designing principles which mainly seek to fulfil an abstract art concept. By using them the architect, builder or home owner will have a great practical guide to make a place wanted to be lived in.
The pattern language is intuitive but clear, simple and yet poetic.
A must buy!